| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic invasive triple
negative breast cancer. Patients with clinical and/or radiologic suspicion of
metastatic TNBC can be consented prior to this confirmation.
- Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) less than Allred score of 3 OR
less than 1% positive staining cells in the invasive component of the tumor.
- HER2 negative by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or immunohistochemistry
(IHC) staining 0 or 1+.
- PD-L1 negative by any Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved test.
- Patients may have measurable or evaluable disease.
- A tumor specimen obtained from relapsed metastatic or locally advanced disease (if
applicable) must be submitted. Acceptable samples include core needle biopsies for
deep tumor tissue (minimum 4 cores) or excisional, incisional, punch, or forceps
biopsies for cutaneous, subcutaneous, or mucosal lesions. Formalin-fixed,
paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens in paraffin blocks are preferred. Fine-needle
aspiration, brushing, cell pellet from pleural effusion, bone metastases, and lavage
samples are not acceptable.
- No prior therapy for metastatic TNBC. Patients who have received taxane-based adjuvant
therapy are required to have a disease-free interval of at least 12 months after
completion of taxane therapy.
- Age >= 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on
the use of durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab in combination with neoantigen
vaccine in patients < 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study, but will
be eligible for future pediatric trials
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 1 (Karnofsky >= 60%).
- Body weight > 30 kg.
- Must have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks.
- Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL.
- Platelets >= 100,000/mcL.
- Hemoglobin >= 9.0 g/dL.
- Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal.
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
(SGOT)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) =<
2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal unless liver metastases are present, in
which case it must be =< 5 x institutional upper limit of normal.
- Calculated creatinine clearance > 40 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula or by
24-hour urine collection for determination of creatinine clearance.
- Evidence of post-menopausal status or negative urinary or serum pregnancy test for
female pre-menopausal patients. Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have
been amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following
age-specific requirements apply:
- Women < 50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been
amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal
treatments and if they have luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution or underwent surgical
sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy).
- Women >= 50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been
amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of all exogenous hormonal
treatments, had radiation-induced menopause with last menses > 1 year ago, had
chemotherapy-induced menopause with last menses > 1 year ago, or underwent
surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy or
hysterectomy).
- The effects of durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab and neoantigen vaccine on the
developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because these agents may be
teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception
(hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for
the duration of study participation, and through 180 days after completion of
durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she
is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform
her treating physician immediately.
- Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study
including undergoing treatment and scheduled visits and examinations including follow
up.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are eligible provided they have a
negative viral load, CD4 count > 250, and are on a stable antiretroviral regimen.
- Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.
Patients with impaired decision-making capacity who have a close caregiver or legal
guardian are also eligible with the consent of the caregiver/guardian.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients who are not considered to be candidates for carboplatin + gemcitabine for
first line therapy of their metastatic triple negative breast cancer are not eligible.
- Patients who have had chemotherapy, radiotherapy (to more than 30% of the bone
marrow), or biologic therapy within 30 days (42 days for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C)
prior to entering the study.
- Patients who have received prior immunotherapy for metastatic disease.
- Patients who have not recovered from grade >= 2 adverse events due to prior
anti-cancer therapy with the exception of alopecia, vitiligo, and the laboratory
values defined in the inclusion criteria.
- Patients with grade >= 2 neuropathy will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis
after consultation with the study physician.
- Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents or who have received an
investigational agent within the last 30 days.
- Receipt of live attenuated vaccination within 6 months prior to study entry or within
30 days of receiving durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab.
- Note: Patients, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst receiving
study treatment and up to 30 days after the last dose of study treatment.
- Major surgical procedure within 28 days prior to the first dose of durvalumab
(MEDI4736) and tremelimumab. Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent
is acceptable.
- Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days before the first
dose of durvalumab (MEDI4736) or tremelimumab. The following are exceptions to this
criterion:
- Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids or local steroid injections (e.g.
intra-articular injection)
- Systemic corticosteroids at physiological doses which are not to exceed 10 mg/day
of prednisone or an equivalent corticosteroid
- Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. CT scan
premedication).
- Known central nervous system (CNS) disease, except for treated asymptomatic CNS
metastases. Patients with known brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical
trial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive
neurologic dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and other
adverse events.
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
composition to durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab. Known allergy, or history of
serious adverse reaction to vaccines, such as anaphylaxis, hives or respiratory
difficulty.
- Mean QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) >= 470 ms
calculated from 3 electrocardiograms (ECGs) (within 15 minutes at 5 minutes apart).
- Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable
angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, interstitial lung disease, serious chronic
gastrointestinal conditions associated with diarrhea, evidence of any acute or chronic
viral illness or disease, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit
compliance with study requirements.
- Pregnant women are excluded from this study because durvalumab (MEDI4736) and
tremelimumab has the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there
is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to
treatment of the mother with durvalumab (MEDI4736) and tremelimumab, breastfeeding
should be discontinued if the mother is treated with durvalumab (MEDI4736) and
tremelimumab. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study.
A negative serum pregnancy test is required no more than 7 days before study entry.
- Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years
(i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive
drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a
form of systemic treatment.
- History of pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease.
- History of active primary immunodeficiency.
- Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical
history, physical examination, and radiographic findings, and TB testing in line with
local practice), hepatitis B (known positive hepatitis B virus [HBV] surface antigen
[HBsAg] result), or hepatitis C. Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection
(defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg)
are eligible. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only if
polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA).
- The patient with a previous history of non-breast malignancy is eligible for this
study only if the patient meets the following criteria for a cancer survivor. A cancer
survivor is eligible provided the following criteria are met:
- Patient has undergone potentially curative therapy for all prior malignancies.
- Patients have been considered disease free for at least 1 year (with the
exception of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or
carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix).
- Patients with a strong likelihood of non-adherence (such as difficulties in adhering
to follow-up schedule due to geographic distance from the treatment facility) should
not be knowingly registered.
- History of allogeneic organ transplantation.
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