View clinical trials related to Opioid Use.
Filter by:The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block can be used to reduce pain in patients who get abdominal surgery. TAP blocks are given with a local anesthetic. The purpose of this study is to compare pain medication usage after surgery between two different types of local anesthetic: liposomal bupivacaine and standard bupivacaine.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether an infusion of lidocaine during surgery can reduce the need for postoperative opioid pain medication use in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Participants will be recruited by spine surgeons from their pool of patients who are presenting for surgery at University of Vermont Medical Center. If they agree to participate, patients will be assigned at random to receive either an infusion of lidocaine during surgery, or an infusion of saline with 5% dextrose. Subjects will also be asked to complete a 15-item questionnaire that asks about health, quality of life, and level of pain, at three timepoints. Patients will also be asked to rate their level of pain at multiple timepoints after surgery, and we will collect the additionally data from patients' medical records.
The goal of this study is to determine if non-opioid pain control is a safe way to manage pain after adenotonsillectomy surgery in children. The investigators will be randomly assigning children aged 3-17 to one of two groups: one group will receive non-opioid pain medication only, and the other group will receive opioid and non-opioid medications for pain control. The investigators will analyze the data and determine if there is a difference in pain control between the two drug regimens, and if there are any other associated complications between the two groups. This study is important because if we can demonstrate that there is little difference in outcomes and pain control between the two groups, a strong argument can be made for reducing or eliminating opioid prescription after adenotonsillectomy. This may protect future children from the risks of taking opioid medications and help to reduce the scope of the opioid epidemic.
This study will examine how the use of Xtampza ER, an opioid analgesic packaged in openable microsphere-containing capsules, affects swallowing satisfaction, pain, and physical and mental health outcomes in chronic pain patients.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) on opioid misuse and parenting behavior among pregnant women using opioids. Specific aims are: AIM 1: To evaluate the preliminary efficacy of MORE, relative to a supportive counseling control condition, on primary outcomes (opioid misuse) and secondary outcomes (opioid craving, psychological distress) among pregnant women using opioids. Hypothesis: Participants who participate in MORE will demonstrate significantly greater improvements than the supportive visit control group on: opioid misuse behaviors, opioid craving, and psychological distress. AIM 2: To test and quantify the degree to which the impact of MORE on opioid misuse is mediated by changes in cognitive, affective, and autonomic mechanisms relevant to this clinical population - including opioid attentional bias, negative emotion regulation, reward responsiveness, and physiological reactivity to infant cues. Hypothesis: The impact of MORE on craving and opioid misuse behaviors will be mediated by improvements in attentional bias toward opioid cues, negative emotion regulation and natural reward responsiveness on the emotion regulation task, and autonomic reactivity to infant cues. AIM 3: To evaluate the impact of MORE on mothers' perceptions of their ability to parent effectively and the quality of the mother-baby relationship. Hypothesis: Participants participating in MORE will report more positive beliefs about their ability to effectively parent. Participants who participated in MORE will interact more sensitively with their newborn. Exploratory AIM 1: To evaluate the efficacy of MORE, relative to a support group control condition, on co-regulation, as measured by an index of sympathetic nervous system functioning, among pregnant women using opioids. Hypothesis 1: Dyads in which the mother participated in MORE will demonstrate significantly greater dyadic synching of sympathetic activity as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Exploratory AIM 2: To test and quantify the degree to which the impact of MORE on dyadic synchrony (during the Still Face Paradigm) is mediated by changes in negative emotion regulation and reward responsiveness. Hypothesis 2: The impact of MORE on dyadic synchrony will be mediated by improvements in negative emotion regulation and natural reward responsiveness as measured by an emotion regulation task.
The United States (US) faces a crisis of pain management. According to the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, almost 50 million adults in the US reported having significant chronic or severe pain (Nahin 2015). Doctors in the US still prescribe opioids across the board for pain despite a growing recognition of an epidemic of opioid overdose and use disorder. Few solutions have been successfully proposed and implemented. Placebos represent a novel and potentially fruitful means of addressing this issue. However, clinicians often use placebos deceptively and with little rationale or evidence of benefit, making their use ethically problematic. In contrast with their typical current use, a provocative line of research suggests that placebos can be intentionally exploited to extend analgesic therapeutic effects. Recently, we reviewed a database of placebo studies including 22 studies in both animals and humans hinting of evidence that placebos may work as a dose extender of active painkillers. Placebos given after repeated administration of active treatments can acquire medication-like effects based on learning mechanisms. Here, we will test if dose-extending placebos are effective in relieving clinical acute pain in opioid patients with traumatic pain. Patients will be randomized to three arms. Arm 1 will be a Full Dose (FD) group, which will receive all NSAIDs as described in the Guidelines for NSAID use in Orthopedic Patients and Oxycodone (5mg). Arm 2 will be a Partial Reinforcement (PR) group, which will receive NSAIDs, Oxycodone (5mg), and placebos to reach a 50% reduction of the total intake of opioids. Finally, Arm 3 will be a Control (C) group receiving NSAIDs and placebos. Patients will be assigned to one of three arms according to a 1:1:1 schedule of randomization. Study IDs will be generated by the pharmacy and blinding will occur by ensuring that oxycodone and placebos look, smell, and taste identical. Rescue therapy will be provided as needed. This novel prospect of placebo use has the potential to change our general thinking about painkiller treatments, the typical regimens of painkiller applications, and the ways in which treatments are evaluated.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the research results obtained in animal models of pain - that show that being in pain for some time increases opioid use beyond what is expected to treat the current pain - also apply to patients with chronic pain.
At the Ohio State University, and across the country, surgical patients admitted to the hospital are over-prescribed a significant amount of opioid medications upon discharge to home. Recent studies reveal that a large percentage of patients prescribed opioid medications after surgery have approximately half of the prescribed medication left over. This study aims to evaluate reported opioid use after surgery in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery in order to better approach the issue with current opioid use and abuse trends while still providing adequate medical care and pain management to patients