Positive Processes and Transition to Health

Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Trial

— PATH  

Official title:

Treatment of Stress-Related Psychopathology: Targeting Maladaptive and Adaptive Event Processing

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04678232
• Other study ID #: R61MH113646
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: October 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: December 2023
• Source: Case Western Reserve University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The R61 will be an open trial to determine if Positive Processes and Transition to Health (PATH) engages the proposed targets: unproductive processing, avoidance, and reward deficits in a sample of 45 adults who have experienced a destabilizing life event involving profound loss or threat, report persistent stressor-related symptoms of PTSD and/or depression, and are elevated on symptoms related to 2 of the 3 therapeutic targets. Additionally, will examine whether patients perceive PATH as helpful and complete/adhere to treatment, and therapist fidelity. Patients will receive 6 sessions of PATH (with 2 boosters, if partial responders). Primary targets will be assessed at pre-treatment, week 4, post-treatment, and at 1- and 3-month follow-up; secondary targets at pre-treatment, weekly during treatment, post-treatment, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.

Description:

Evidence-based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression consistently produce strong, clinically meaningful effects for many individuals. However, these interventions also have significant dropout rates, a large minority of individuals continue to have debilitating symptoms, and even those who respond may be vulnerable to relapse upon future stressors. More efficient and mechanistically precise interventions are needed. Consistent with the cross-cutting theme of studying the role of the environment in the NIMH Strategic Plan, the etiological role of exposure to destabilizing, stressful life events is common to both PTSD and depression. Not only do they share common distress-related triggers, symptoms, and maintaining processes, but they also commonly co-occur (upwards of 60%). Current PTSD and depression treatments typically focus on their respective disorders rather than on common processes that maintain psychopathology; and, importantly, they do not explicitly target positive adaptive processes associated with resilience. Decades of experimental studies, prospective studies, and psychotherapy trials have identified interconnected maladaptive and adaptive processes associated with persistent psychopathology after stressful, destabilizing events. These maladaptive processes include: 1) unproductive event processing; 2) avoidance; and 3) reward sensitivity and processing deficits. These processes prolong negative mood, interfere with adaptive coping and processing of emotional material, and increase sensitivity to future stressful life events. PATH (Positive Processes and Transition to Health) directly targets these maladaptive processes while also teaching parallel adaptive skills (constructive processing, approach, and positive emotion processing and reward seeking). Six, 90-min sessions target individuals who have experienced a destabilizing life event and have persistent stressor-related symptoms. PATH utilizes life event processing (revisiting, meaning making), focusing repeatedly on an identified destabilizing life event, positive life events, and future events as a framework to identify maladaptive processes and teach constructive processing skills. PATH has the potential to reduce dropout, improve treatment engagement and outcomes, identify potential treatment mechanisms, and ultimately reduce the costly human and economic burden of stressor-related psychopathology.

For the open trial's "Go" to be achieved and to proceed to the R33, two criteria must be met. The first is that at least 2 of the 3 primary targets must change via PATH. A moderate effect size (d = 0.60) was chosen to reflect evidence of clinically meaningful target engagement (see Gold et al., 2017), in line with NIMH guidelines for a preliminary signal of target engagement/efficacy in intervention trials. Second, at least one of the secondary measures must show a moderate effect (d = 0.50) from pre- to post-treatment. We included measures of each of the targets, as they are conceptualized as interrelated parts of a "stuck" system. For "Go" to an R01 after the R33, in addition to target engagement, primary outcomes of PTSD and depression must show clinically meaningful gains (e.g., Barth et al., 2016; Cusak et al., 2016).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 45
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Destabilizing life event involving profound loss or threat, with a minimum duration of 12 weeks since the event, but occurred within the last 5 years.

• Between the ages of 18 and 65.

• Elevated target: Scores of at least moderate (1 or higher) on at least 2 of the 3 target mechanisms: re- experiencing or ruminative processing of the destabilizing event (PSS-I items: 1, 2, 3, 4 or QIDS-C item 11), avoidance (PSS-I items 6, 7, 8), or reward deficits (PSS-I items 12, 13, or QIDS-C item 13).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current diagnosis of schizophrenia, delusional disorder, or organic mental disorder as defined by DSM-5.

• Current diagnosis of bipolar disorder, depression with psychotic features, or depression severe enough to require immediate psychiatric treatment (i.e., serious suicide risk with intent and plan).

• Severe self-injurious behavior or suicide attempt within the previous three months.

• Unwilling or unable to discontinue current cognitive behavioral psychotherapy.

• No clear memory of the destabilizing event or event occurred before age 3.

• Unstable dose of psychotropic medications in prior 3 months.

• Ongoing intimate relationship with the perpetrator (in assault related event).

• Current diagnosis of a substance use disorder (DSM-5).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Depression
• Depressive Disorder
• Depressive Disorder, Major
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
• Stress Disorders, Traumatic

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Positive Processes and Transition to Health (PATH)
See arm/group description for details regarding this intervention

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Case Western Reserve University	Cleveland	Ohio
United States	University of Delaware	Newark	Delaware
United States	University of Washington	Seattle	Washington

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Case Western Reserve University	University of Delaware, University of Washington

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Affective Updating Task (Pe et al., 2013; Pe, Raes, et al., 2013)	Measure updating of affective information in working memory	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)
Primary	Idiographic Behavioral Approach Task	Use in vivo confrontation with feared or avoided stimuli measuring avoidance behavior	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)
Primary	Probabilistic Reward Task (Pizzagalli et al., 2005)	Assesses reward responsivity	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)
Secondary	Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (Foa et al., 1999)	Self-report of negative, overgeneralized stressor-related thoughts	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)
Secondary	Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (Kanter et al., 2006)	Self-report of approach and avoidance in cognitive and behavioral domains (not specific to depression)	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)
Secondary	Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (Snaith et al., 1995)	Self-report measuring the capacity to experience pleasure	Change from baseline score at 6 weeks (immediately post treatment)