Major Depressive Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
Examining the Effects of Music and Rhythmic Sensory Stimulation on Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder associated with
persistent low mood, loss of the capacity to experience pleasure (i.e. anhedonia), reduced
social functioning, and impaired quality of life. MDD is estimated to affect approximately 2%
of Canadian women and 1% of Canadian men at any point in time. The World Health Organization
affirms that depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with increasing global
economic impact.
Standard treatments for depression include basic psychosocial support combined with
antidepressant medication or psychotherapy. It has been observed, however, that only 50% of
individuals respond to psychological treatment, and only 30-40% of patients achieve full
remission after initial treatment with antidepressants. Music- and sound-related therapies
have the potential to serve as adjuncts to, or facilitators of, medication.
In this study we will examine the effectiveness of a new therapeutic tool, known as Rhythmic
Sensory Stimulation, as an adjunctive treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. Rhythmic
Sensory Stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses periodic pulses
of light, sound, or tactile stimulus, to induce changes in the patterns of brain activity.
Participants in this study will undertake 30 minutes of daily music intervention
self-administered at home, for 5 days per week, for a total of 5 weeks. We will assess
depression symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, and brain activity pre- and
post-treatment.
The results of the present study will help to better understand the effectiveness of Rhythmic
Sensory Stimulation to the treatment of mood disorders, and contribute to the development of
future studies to investigate the neural driving effects of therapies based on Rhythmic
Sensory Stimulation.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder associated with
persistent low mood, loss of the capacity to experience pleasure (i.e. anhedonia), reduced
social functioning, and impaired quality of life. MDD is estimated to affect approximately 2%
of Canadian women and 1% of Canadian men at any point in time. The World Health Organization
affirms that depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with increasing global
economic impact.
Standard treatments for depression include basic psychosocial support combined with
antidepressant medication or psychotherapy. It has been observed, however, that only 50% of
individuals respond to psychological treatment, and only 30-40% of patients achieve full
remission after initial treatment with antidepressants. Music- and sound-related therapies
have the potential to serve as adjuncts to, or facilitators of, medication. Several recent
systematic reviews have concluded that music is an effective therapeutic tool with
significant results on improving global state, symptoms, and overall functioning, and is also
well-accepted by patients.
The goal of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of music and rhythmic sensory
stimulation with low-frequency sounds as an adjunctive therapy for depression. Through a
systematic collection of clinical, behavioural and electrophysiological measures, the project
also aims to determine the possible mechanisms that underlie the effects of music- and
sound-based therapies on symptoms of MDD. In addition to measures of depression severity and
symptoms, we are also interested in secondary behavioral measures addressing possible
confounding variables, such as anhedonia, quality of life, and individual differences in how
people experience reward and pleasure associated with music. These assessments will allow an
initial investigation of the neural correlates of the therapeutic effects of music in the
treatment of depression, which is greatly warranted to better understand the efficacy of
music- and sound-based treatments.
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