View clinical trials related to Energy Supply; Deficiency.
Filter by:Using a randomised crossover design, nine weight-stable men, aged 18 - 40 years old, will be recruited via convenience sampling from the staff and student body of LJMU and local area. Participants will be asked to follow two 4-day (~96 hours) periods of tightly controlled exercise energy expenditure (15 kcal/kg FFM/day [cycling]) and dietary intake (60 kcal/kg FFM/day) to compare a state of 'normal' energy availability (or energy balance; equivalent to 45 kcal/kg FFM/day) with concomitant 1: normal carbohydrate availability ('Normal'; ~60% of dietary intake from carbohydrate) and 2: low carbohydrate availability ('LCHF', ~1.5 g/kg carbohydrate per day, ~70 - 80% dietary intake from fat). This approximates the amount of carbohydrate consumed by an individual in a state of LEA through consuming 10 kcal/kg FFM/day with 50% of intake from carbohydrate, or ~1.5 g/kg/day of carbohydrate. In both experimental phases we will measure endocrine, metabolic and physiological parameters.
10 healthy, male, participants will complete a a 5-day baseline assessment (days -5 to -1) and two consecutive 5-day periods of controlled exercise to increase oxidative capacity (3 days of aerobic exercise per period, 15 kcal/kg FFM/day energy expenditure cycling) and energy intake (15 days in total, with a testing session on morning 16). This will achieve states of energy balance (EBÍž energy availability - EA - 45 kcal/kg of fat free mass (FFM)/day), required for weight maintenance (days 1 - 5), followed by energy deficit (EDÍž EA 10 kcal/kg FFM/day), required for weight loss on days 6 - 10. Over the data-collection period, participants will consume deuterium (D2O) tracer to facilitate dynamic proteomic profiling to assess the impact of the intervention on muscle quality (primary outcome measure). Muscle biopsies will therefore be collected on days -5, 1, 6 & 11, alongside daily saliva samples, and venous blood collection on days -5, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 & 11. These samples will be used to assess further, secondary, outcome measures including alterations in intra-muscular lipid profiles (lipid droplet content, morphology and lipid-droplet associated proteins in different subcellular compartments [intermyofibrillar vs subsarcolemmal]), alterations in blood metabolites and hormones and skeletal muscle glycogen concentrations. Changes in body mass, body composition and RMR will also be assessed.
The study team will examine the effect of a ketogenic diet alone and ketogenic diet supplemented with oral ketones on how the body of individuals with type 2 diabetes respond to insulin, regulates insulin secretion, food intake and energetic pathways and influences body fat distribution.
Osteoporosis is worldwide health epidemic categorized by poor bone health, primarily diagnosed by low bone mineral density, and costs healthcare systems billions every year. Athletes and exercising people who expend large amounts of energy in physical activity, or restrict diet in order to lose weight, are at risk of low energy availability. This is when an individual fails to match their exercise energy demand with a appropriate dietary intake in order to maintain optimal physiological function; which can lead to low bone mineral density, osteoporosis both early and later in life and an increased risk of injury. Runners are particularly susceptible to stress fracture in response to low energy availability due to repetitive ground impact. Research shows that as little as five days low energy availability significantly reduces bone formation, and significantly increases bone resorption, in physically active women. The ideal solution is to restore energy availability; however, this is often very difficult during periods of intense training and conflicts with the goal of weight loss. Therefore, there is a need to develop an alternative tool to protect bone health. It is critical that any exercise intervention does not further reduce energy availability as previous research shows that this accelerates bone loss rather than prevents it. Low repetition high impact jumping exercise is highly beneficial to bone health and has been shown to improve bone structure when used as a long-term intervention in energy replete states. It takes very little time to complete and uses a very small amount of energy. However, no study to date has examined the effects of such an intervention during low energy availability. The current study will investigate whether low repetition high impact jumping prevents or reduces the reduction in bone formation and the increase in bone resorption experienced during five days of low energy availability and findings will have implications on athletic and recreational training recommendations in order to protect bone health.
Low energy availability (LEA) is a major problem in sports as athletes ingest often a lower amount of energy compared to their actual needs. The availability of energy is calculated based on their daily energy intake and the energy cost of the daily training sessions in relation to their fat-free mass. Based on this calculation, it is known how much energy will available for the body (beside the fuel for training) to keep it in optimal physiological functioning. It has been shown, that LEA occurs very often in female athletes, in endurance athletes as well as athletes in weight-sensitive sports (i.e. jockeys, combat sports, gymnastics, ballet). The purpose of this study was to investigate, whether LEA is a problem in wheelchair athletes as well.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of music therapy during dialysis on: depression, anxiety, quality of life, blood pressure, heart rate, medication compliance, compliance with dialysis treatment, number of hospitalizations, pain level, and energy level.
The most common symptom displayed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pronounced sense of fatigue that can have negative effect on functional ability and quality of life (QOL). An important goal of researchers and clinicians involves improving the QOL of individuals with MS, and the exercise therapy represents potentially modifiable behavior that positively impacts on pathogenesis of MS and thus the QOL. However, the main barrier for its application is low motivational level that MS patients experience due to fatigue with adjacent reduced exercise tolerability and mobility, and muscle weakness. Getting individuals with MS motivated to engage in continuous physical activity may be particularly difficult and challenging, especially those with severe disability or Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS 6-8). Till now, researchers have focused their attention mainly on the moderate or vigorous intensity of exercise and on cardiorespiratory training in MS patients to achieve improvements in daily life quality, less indicating the exercise content, and most importantly, breathing exercises. In addition, it is investigators intention to make exercise for MS patients more applicable and accessible, motivational and easier, but most important, productive. Investigators think that MS patients experience more stress with aerobic exercise or moderate to high intensity programme exercise, and can hardly keep continuum including endurance exercise, or treadmill. Hypothesis: Investigators hypothesis is that 4-weeks of continuous low demanding or mild exercise programme with specific content and an accent on breathing exercise can attenuate primary fatigue in MS patients, especially in those with more severe disability or EDSS from 6-8, and provide maintenance of exercise motivation. Investigators also propose that important assistant factor for final goal achievement is social and mental support of the exercise group (EDSS from 0-8) led by a physiotherapist. This will help to maintain exercise motivation and finally make better psychophysical functioning, and thus better QOL.
This open-label field trial evaluates the effects of treatment with a multi-pathway dietary supplement (Stem Cell 100+) that has been commercially available for several years. The objective of the intervention trial is to determine if normal subjects over 35 years of age experience any observable health benefits from the dietary supplement as to their blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cholesterol, lung capacity, stress levels, or self reported changes in markers of overall health and life expectancy.