View clinical trials related to Dexmedetomidine.
Filter by:A majority of the elderly patients undergo surgery for malignant tumors. For these patients, postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis are main factors that worsen long-term outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia in elderly patients after cancer surgery may help to maintain immune function and improve long-term outcomes, possibly by relieving stress and inflammatory response, improving analgesic efficacy and sleep quality, and reducing delirium incidence.
The objective of this trial is to determine whether an opioid-free general anesthetic (OFA) technique utilizing ketamine, dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, and gabapentin can help reduce postoperative respiratory depression in the post-anesthesia care unit and ward in children with sleep-disordered breathing undergoing tonsillectomy when compared with traditional opioid-containing techniques. It is expected that this OFA regimen will have a measurable reduction on postoperative respiratory depression in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
The implantation of a deep brain stimulator (DBS) is an established option to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients that do not respond adequately to medical therapy. Most centers perform this surgery using a technique that involves microelectrode recording (MER) of neuronal activity for localization of the target nucleus, microstimulation of identified targets, and neurological intraoperative testing in a cooperative patient. Dexmedetomidine, a α2-adrenergic receptors agonist, is a potent anxiolytic that acts at subcortical areas of the brain without involving GABA receptors. It provides excellent sedation without respiratory depression; also, it has an analgesic component and a predictable hemodynamic response. Low maintenance doses do not appear to interfere with MER. The possible effect of dexmedetomidine in the PD symptoms is still unclear.
Delirium is a frequent postoperative complication. Its occurrence is associated with worse long-term outcomes. In a previous randomized controlled trial, prophylactic low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion during the early postoperative period decreased the incidence of delirium in elderly patients after surgery. The purpose of this 3-year follow-up study is to evaluate whether prophylactic low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion can improve the 3-year outcome in elderly patients recruited in the previous randomized controlled trial.
The goal of this study is to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on memory and recall of children who are receiving dexmedetomidine sedation administered for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Dexmedetomidine is currently the standard drug for sedation for diagnostic (MRI, computerized tomography (CT) and Nuclear Medicine) radiological studies at Boston Children's Hospital (BCH). The effect of dexmedetomidine on memory and recall in children has not been studied.
A variety of medications have been used to treat the anxiety, discomfort, and fear associated with continuous and sudden episodic breathlessness in patients with advanced respiratory disease. Opioids and benzodiazepines, used alone or in combination, are commonly prescribed for this distressing symptom. Clinicians are concerned about the adverse effects of opioids, especially respiratory depression, so they frequently prescribe benzodiazepines. Recent studies have shown that benzodiazepine use is associated with increased adverse respiratory outcomes in older adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Dexmedetomidine may be an alternative to current drug therapies for breathlessness. Dexmedetomidine produces a dose dependent sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia without respiratory depression or cognitive dysfunction. The drug can be administered intranasally to induce light to moderate sedation of several hours duration. The objective of the proposed research, a pilot study, is to assess the dose dependent safety and efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine in clinically stable patients with severe COPD. This will be accomplished in a staffed acute care setting with routine vital signs monitoring and pulse oximetry. Patients will be assessed objectively and subjectively for their level of sedation by validated sedation scales. This pilot study is an initial investigation of a drug with favorable pharmacologic properties in this patient population with distressing and difficult to treat symptoms. The pilot study may provide evidence that a larger trial is needed to confirm the study results, or evidence that additional study in symptomatic patients and treatment comparison trials should be pursued.
1. Adequate sedation with classical sedative agents, propofol 2. Sedation with propofol may induce paradoxical excitement response in heavy alcohol drinkers 3. Dexmedetomidine, α2 receptor agonist, may provide adequate sedation in heavy alcohol drinkers
The duration of sensory block after single dose of long acting local anesthetics is not sufficient to avoid the postoperative use of opioids. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine have been shown to increase the duration of peripheral nerve block. Dexmedetomidine is a more potent and selective α-2-adrenoceptor compared to clonidine. To the best of our knowledge, the use of Dexmedetomidine in different dose levels as adjuvant to local anesthetic was not previously reported for femoral nerve block.
The aim of the present study is to compare the antiarrhythmic and myocardial protective effect between lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, and their combined infusion in subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft.
We are trying to investigate whether intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion could decrease the incidence of intraoperative hypokalemia and arrhythmia, and myocardial injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft, and trying compare these effects with those of remifentanil infusion.