There are about 8563 clinical studies being (or have been) conducted in Sweden. The country of the clinical trial is determined by the location of where the clinical research is being studied. Most studies are often held in multiple locations & countries.
Ablative treatments are believed to have a lower rate of complications, shorter hospital stays, and fewer interventions with benign PAD compared to partial nephrectomies in small kidney cancer lesions. The purpose of the study is to compare complications, the frequency of residual tumors, impact on kidney function, differences in quality of life, and health economic factors in a randomised study. We will also compare the oncological outcomes, including survival and recurrence of kidney cancer.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia affecting more than 3% of the adult population. The symptoms of atrial fibrillation can range from asymptomatic to debilitating. It can be permanent in its nature, but also paroxysmal with only short bursts of atrial fibrillation randomly occurring and can therefore remain unnoticed. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke five fold if left untreated. Screening for atrial fibrillation in elderly populations above age 65 years can result in detection of new atrial fibrillation cases ranging from 0,5% new AF with a single time-point ECG, up to 30% AF if an implantable loop recorder is inserted for 3 years. Currently opportunistic screening using pulse palpation, or a single time-point ECG is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Systematic screening in individuals aged 75 or above, or at a high stroke risk should be considered. Overall, participation in systematic atrial fibrillation screening trials has been shown to be relatively low with almost 50% non-participants. Participants are generally healthier, with higher socioeconomic status, hence the ones who would potentially benefit the most remain absent. Opportunistic screening has shown promising results with higher participation rates and the possibility of better outreach. There is a lack of data from randomized trials on the difference in participation rates in systematic and opportunistic screening approaches when screening with prolonged ECG monitoring.
This study protocol outlines a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Internet-delivered behavior therapy (BT) based on exposure with response prevention (ERP) for adults with Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorder (CTD). The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of Internet-delivered ERP-based BT on tic severity compared to a control condition offering general psychological support at week 11 counting from the treatment start. The primary outcome measure is the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale - Total Tic Severity subscale (YGTSS-TTS). Secondary outcomes include measures of tics-related impairment, work and social adjustment, rates of responders, self-rated tic severity, symptoms of depression, and quality of life. Long-term maintenance of results will be assessed at week 23 and 14 months after the treatment start. Participants will be recruited nationwide. The intervention group will receive 10 weeks of ERP-based therapy delivered through an online platform, with therapist support. The control group will receive psychoeducational content and general psychological support. Adherence to treatment, adverse events, and patient safety will be closely monitored throughout the trial. The study population will be intent-to-treat and the between-group differences at the primary endpoint will be assessed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with pre-score of the measure as covariate. A health-economic evaluation will assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Background: While positive school climate is important for students' well-being and mental health, school personnel may experience challenges in creating a nurturing school climate. School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SW-PBIS) have shown positive effects on school climate, but fewer studies have been conducted in the European context. Aim: The present project aims to investigate the effectiveness of SW-PBIS programs for students' social-emotional skills and academic achievement as well as teachers' and students' perceptions of the learning environment. Furthermore, the study intends to evaluate how school-level factors mediate or moderate the effects of the intervention. In addition, the study includes a qualitative evaluation of the dynamic interaction processes that occur during program implementation in local school contexts. Methods: Data on school- and individual-level measures are collected in intervention and control schools. With regard to challenges in retaining control groups over extended time periods, two waves of recruitment are used. In the first wave, an active control group is used, and data are collected during three time points. In the second wave, a wait-list control group is used, and data are collected during two time points during one school year. Hierarchical regression analyses will be conducted to explore the effects of SW-PBIS on the outcomes of the study. An ethnomethodological approach will be applied to provide a detailed examination of the social interactional and meaning-making practices of different school implementation teams, and the negotiation of normative expectations and rules of conduct in peer-teacher-student interactions in different classrooms. Discussion: The study is expected to contribute knowledge on the effects of the SWPBIS program and how these effects may be mediated or moderated by school-level factors. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the significance of school contexts in the implementation of the SWPBIS program constitutes the strength of the study. The challenge in the study is the extended period of implementation of SWPBIS, which entails difficulties in retaining a control group over the required time period. Therefore, two waves of recruitment are used, encompassing different procedures of allocation to intervention or control groups.
This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic exercise with or without addition of resistance exercise to usual care in individuals treated with anthracyclines for lymphomas and to compare exercise effects to age- and sex-matched individuals with no prior history of malignant diseases.
OVERALL SYNOPSIS PART A: Systematic evaluation in spontaneously breathing healthy volunteer study participants - of cumulative duration of manual measures for airway patency and for mask ventilation with airway device prototype (STAIRWAY) vs. standard procedure (no device) during target-controlled induction of mild and moderate-to-deep sedation with propofol in the supine position - of minimum anteroposterior and lateral transpharyngeal distances at tongue-base and soft-palate levels, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with STAIRWAY vs. biteblock or no device during no, mild and moderate-to-deep steady-state sedation with propofol in the supine position. PART B: Systematic evaluation (in the body position [normally supine] considered most optimal for the procedural intervention) of the cumulative duration - of adjuvant manual airway support and ventilation - of respiratory arrest (interrupted monitoring of endtidal carbon dioxide [ETCO2]) - of hypoxemia (hemoglobin saturation of oxygen [SpO2] <95 %), and - of perceived sedational comfort, of sedational and procedural usability, and of sedational and procedural preference with STAIRWAY vs. standard procedure (biteblock or no device) during PS according to SOC for scheduled diagnostic or therapeutic procedures planned to be carried out under PS with propofol in spontaneously breathing study patients.
In order to improve and individualize cancer treatment personalized treatments developed much further. Colon cancer is treated with surgery and thereafter adjuvant oncological treatment. The selection of chemotherapy is today mainly done according to best guess. Today only a small fraction of oncological treatment may be known to be effective in a person before treatment start, most often it is trial and error. A fast reliable system for looking at response to different treatments in each unique patient is much needed and would, if successful, completely change the way we give oncological treatment today. This system would also be possible to use to evaluate new treatments and if successful, implement in the clinical setting. In this project we will implant a part of the patient's tumour tissue into a zebrafish embryo and evaluate tumour growth and frequency of metastatic disease as well as response to given oncological treatment. 2.2 Objective: The objective of this project is to explore the usefulness of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryo models to determine tumor biology and treatment response in colon cancer. An overarching goal would be, before start of any oncological treatment in a patient, to have evaluated the response of oncological treatment in the zebrafish avatar and only treat with a combination of drugs known to have effect against the patient's own tumour. 2.3 Study design: This protocol describes a series of prospective studies in different cohorts of patients with colon cancer to investigate the applicability of zebrafish embryo models. The common denominator of the sub-studies is prospective collection of tumor tissue implanted in zebrafish embryos in order to evaluate if the model is robust enough for growing colon cancer tissue and evaluate growth pattern and response to chemotherapy. This study protocol is designed according to and in adherence with the SPIRIT guidelines. 2.4 Intervention: In all sub-studies the intervention is inoculation of tumor cells in zebrafish embryos followed by observation of tumor behavior and testing of treatments.
There are around 15,6 million people who inject drugs (PWID) worldwide, of which around 3,5 million are women who inject drugs (WWID) (1). In Sweden, estimates suggest 8000-21000 PWID (2). PWID are exposed to substantial health risks that are directly linked to injection drug use, such as blood borne viruses (hepatitis and HIV), overdoses and skin and tissue infections. Additionally psychiatric disorders are common and PWID's general health is often neglected (3,4,5). In Sweden, harm reduction units such as needle and syringe programs (NSP) have scaled-up in recent years. In Stockholm the first NSP opened in 2013 and the second in 2018. In 2022, 4600 individuals were enrolled in the program since it opened, of which approximately 25% were women. Around 2000 were active participants, defined as having visited the program at least once during the last 12 months. In 2021 54% of the participants stated amphetamine as the last drug injected, 31% heroin, 4% buprenorphine and 11% other drugs. Most participants were between 30-49 years of age. In addition to distribution of sterile needles and injection paraphernalia, the NSP staff (nurses, doctors, midwifes, counselors) provides services such as testing for blood borne viruses, vaccinations, wound care, take-home naloxone, reproductive health services, counselling, support in contact with social service and referrals for substance use disorder treatment and hepatitis C/HIV treatment. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global health issue and WHO estimates that one in three women globally have been exposed to some sort of partner violence during their lifespan (7). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as violent behavior between two people who have a close relationship, such as partners, ex-partners, siblings, relatives, friends and alike. In Sweden around 14% of women and 5% of men are exposed to physical violence in an intimate partner relationship during their lifespan however 20-25% of women and around 17% of men are exposed to psychological violence during their lifespan (8; 9). The prevalence of IPV among PWID is estimated to be significantly higher than in the general population (10). A study from USA found the risk of IPV to be three times higher and the prevalence estimated between 35-57% (7). In international studies, IPV exposure is found to be a significant risk factor for needle sharing among WWID (11, 12). There are other well-known consequences of IPV including impact on sexual and reproductive health rights, physical and psychological wellbeing, increased risk of contracting HIV and hepatitis C (13; 14). IPV exposure disproportionately affects WWID worldwide, however studies in Sweden on IPV exposure in the PWID population is scarce. To date there are studies that address this among women with substance use disorders but none with an exclusive focus on PWID or WWID. In clinical research of women diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUD) with psychiatric comorbidities and social challenges, one study indicates that the majority (91%, n=79) of women had been exposed to some form of IPV (15). Another study of women with SUD (n=52), 50% reported exposure of serious violence and the majority (96%) reported exposure to psychological violence (10). There are different types of IPV; psychological, physical, sexual, financial, latent, digital, neglect, honor related, aftermath of IPV (16). Our research team has previously carried out a qualitative interview study among WWID at the Stockholm NSP in 2019 to investigate reasons and barriers for participation among women (17). The interviews illustrated that IPV is common. In the proposed studies, for this doctoral thesis, we have chosen to focus on physical, sexual, psychological and financial violence among PWID motivated by findings in our previous research. PWID and specifically WWID are regarded as groups who are especially vulnerable for IPV exposure and should therefore be prioritized in the national efforts to prevent IPV (15). However, there are no studies estimating the prevalence and frequency of IPV among PWID in Sweden. Previous international studies suggest that PWID are exposed to IPV to a greater extent than the general population, and women with substance use disorders are exposed to an alarming degree of violence (15). In Sweden there are no tailored interventions for PWID or WWID who are exposed to IPV, it is reasonable to believe that there is a need for a multi-faceted program for PWID exposed to IPV, however this is still unexplored. The overall aim of this project is to increase knowledge about IPV among PWID and WWID as particularly vulnerable groups in regards to IPV. More specifically, the aim is to investigate the prevalence and frequency of different types of IPV among PWID at the Stockholm NSP and to explore the experiences' of IPV, needs and preferences for IPV support among WWID to facilitate tailored support and prevention programs for those exposed.
Anti-TNF (tumor necrosing factor) treatment with infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) are established first-line biological therapies used in treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). There are no head-to-head comparative studies between these two drug but meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials states that IFX might be more effective than ADA for the induction of clinical remission. However, several observational studies conclude that ADA seem to have similar effect as IFX in treating patients with UC but these studies have limitations. The overall aim of this retrospective multicenter observational cohort study is to evaluate if there is a difference in efficacy between infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) in treating bio-naive patients with UC in the short and long term during the modern era when therapeutic drug monitoring have been used to optimize anti-TNF treatment.
The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of BMS-986446 an Anti-MTBR Tau Monoclonal Antibody in participants with Early Alzheimer's Disease.