View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Background: Several major studies have demonstrated the success of Truvada as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection.The CDC guidelines recommend PrEP for people who are at elevated risk of HIV including men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who use injection drugs. People who are incarcerated bear a disproportionate of disease burden, including HIV. Furthermore, men who have been involved with the criminal justice system are more likely to engage in risky behaviors following their release, including condomless sex with partners of unknown serostatus, and injection drug use. The incarceration setting provides a place to engage men who may be at risk of HIV after they are released. Following release, community clinics, including the STD clinic at The Miriam Hospital (TMH) Immunology Center, that perform routine testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may be ideal settings to engage vulnerable populations in care, including PrEP. Despite the demonstrated clinical efficacy of PrEP in reducing HIV transmissions, few clinical programs have piloted the use of PrEP in real-world settings, particularly criminal justice settings. Furthermore, studies demonstrate numerous challenges to PrEP uptake and adherence, including a lack of access or discontinuing care. Engaging at risk men in PrEP care before they leave prison and potentially lost to care during the transition may increase uptake, adherence, and retention. Objective: This study protocol will evaluate a clinical program that aims to prevent new HIV infections among recently-incarcerated men using a once daily dosing of tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This protocol presents an overview of the clinical program, which uses standard-of-care clinical practices and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for prescribing and monitoring PrEP. Male inmates at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) will be screened for HIV risk and, if eligible and interested, will be prescribed and given a one-month supply of PrEP shortly before their release, and receive follow up care at The Miriam Hospital (TMH) Immunology Center following their release.
We aimed to compare the efficacy of genotypic resistance-guided tailored therapy vs empirical therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in randomized controlled trials.
This is a prospective multi-center study. Bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients with CA-HRE will be compared to those from hospitalized patients with healthcare-associated HRE (HA-HRE). In addition, community spread of CRE will be determined.
This study will evaluate the use of free autologous dermal fat grafting (also called free dermal fat autografting) to treat complex craniofacial wounds that have failed standard treatment and to understand how well these grafts work to repair wounds long term. Patients who have undergone free autologous dermal fat grafting to treat complex craniofacial wounds 2-30 years ago will have photographs and small biopsies taken of the area that was grafted.
In this prospective clinical study, the researchers investigate the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis and catheter-related infection during indwelling central venous catheterization in critically ill patients, and analyzed the risk factors for catheter-related complications and the relationship between catheter-related thrombi and catheter-related infections. The sample size is about 500.
The aim of the present study is to characterize the bacterial composition (microbiota) colonizing to the human body in different physio - pathological conditions (lifestyle, motor activity, surgical operations, probiotic and prebiotic consumption, antibiotic therapies, chemotherapeutic therapies), nervous and musculoskeletal diseases, gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders , oral and vaginal diseases, etc.). In particular, they will be investigate: - the changes in the bacterial abundance - the potential microbial interactions with the human host - the microbial networks describing on the bacterial interactions within a specific composition of the human microbiota
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication of end-stage liver disease due to various causes. The initial anti-infective medication is appropriate and the patient's survival rate is closely related. Ascitic fluid bacterial culture takes a long time, the positive rate is low, it is difficult to guide the timely use of antimicrobial drugs, empirical medicine based on evidence-based medicine for SBP in patients with end-stage liver disease is essential. The American College of Hepatology and the European Society of Hepatology recommend the use of third-generation cephalosporins as the first choice of empirical therapy in patients with end-stage liver disease associated with community-acquired SBP. Patients with merger of hospital-acquired SBP with piperacillin / tazobactam or carbapenem +/- glycopeptide antibiotics is the first choice for empirical medication. There is no clear recommendation in China. In recent years, the conclusions of international clinical research in this area have been in disagreement with the recommendations. As a key factor in the selection of empirical antibiotics is local bacterial resistance data, these findings are difficult to evidence-based medicine for Chinese doctors. This project intends to observe the efficacy of different initial anti-infective regimens in Chinese patients with end-stage liver disease with SBP and 30-day and 60-day non-liver transplant survival rates, providing evidence-based medical evidence for the empirical use of such patients.
The purpose of this study is two-fold. In the first phase, the goal is to characterize the stability of respiratory (nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, and throat swab; NS, NPS, TS) and stool (raw stool and rectal swab) specimens collected using various standard, medically established procedures with and without transport media and tested at various time points and under different temperature conditions, and also to look at variation between repeat sampling events. The intention is for these data to support decisions made by BioFire regarding the appropriate specimen type and handling guidelines for future tests. In the second phase of the study, collection and transport conditions identified in Phase 1 will be used to collect specimens for pilot performance evaluations of a new molecular diagnostic test.
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) directly from tissue by headspace analysis (skin, surgery material, other tissue) and exhaled breath is feasible using affordable user-friendly novel nano-chemo sensors that can accurately be used for screening and monitoring purpose
This is a prospective multicenter study. All patients presenting for revision hip or knee arthroplasty for all indications under the respective surgeon's care may be eligible. Per standard of care preoperatively, all patients must have blood drawn for erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP) and D-dimer. Aspiration of the joint in question may be performed at the discretion of the treating surgeon and results documented. Intraoperative samples will also be collected and sent for NGS analysis