View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) blocks intracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in CD4+ T-lymphocytes, but fails to eliminate latent HIV infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes. About 7 (range <1-100) in 106 of these cells are latently infected and can cause reactivation of proviral HIV when cART is stopped. These latently infected cells form the reservoir and must be targeted in order to cure HIV. We would like to further investigate this reservoir and assess potential interventions to eradicate it. One promising option is to further study the influence of HIV latency disruptors (latency reversing agents, LRA) on the HIV infected reservoir. These agents are used in shock and kill strategies that disrupt latency by LRA followed by the selective (induced) killing of the reservoir cell due to viro-pathogenic effects. For accurate assessment of the reservoir and potential cure strategies, including the impact of LRA on the reservoir, a large reservoir and sufficient cells for analysis are desirable. Our understanding on the reservoir comes from in vitro lymphocyte models and early ex vivo studies. Additional studies of patients with different clinical phenotypes including untreated versus treated versus the rare individuals that control HIV spontaneously are increasingly relevant to the field. Especially this last category represent biological examples of viral control without cART and are useful to study the factors that set them apart from those that need treatment for their HIV. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the HIV reservoir and cure strategies, foremost, shock and kill strategies. We will do this by setting up a durable ex vivo platform for HIV reservoir and cure studies of which the samples can be used for hypothesis generation for in-vivo studies. A project from the Erasmus MC HIV Eradication Group (EHEG).
Lung allograft recipients have a higher burden of influenza disease and greater associated morbidity and mortality compared with healthy controls. Induction and early maintenance immunosuppression is thought to impair immunogenicity to standard dose inactivated influenza vaccine. This early post-transplant period is when immunity is most desirable, since influenza disease during this time frame is associated with adverse consequences. Thus, strategies to reduce severe influenza disease in this highly susceptible population are critical. No trials in lung transplant recipients have evaluated two doses of HD-IIV within the same influenza season as a strategy to improve immunogenicity and durability of influenza prevention. Furthermore, no influenza vaccine trials have focused on enrollment of subjects at early post-transplant timepoints. Very few studies have been performed in solely lung allograft recipients. Immunosuppression intensity is highest in lung patients, thereby limiting comparisons to recipients of heart, liver, and kidney transplants. Therefore, studies to assess both HD-IIV and two-dose strategies in the same influenza season in post-lung transplant recipients are greatly needed. The central hypothesis of our proposal is that lung allograft recipients who are 1-35 months post-transplant and receiving two doses of HD-quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) will have higher HAI geometric mean titers (GMT) to influenza antigens compared to those receiving two doses of SD-QIV. To test this hypothesis and address the above critical knowledge gaps, we propose to conduct a phase II, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled immunogenicity and safety trial comparing the administration of two doses of HD-QIV to two doses of SD-QIV in lung allograft recipients 1-35 months post-transplant. The results of this clinical trial will address significant knowledge gaps regarding influenza vaccine strategies (e.g., one vs. two doses and HD-QIV vs. SD-QIV) and immune responses in lung transplant recipients and will guide vaccine recommendations during the post-transplant period.
Determining whether in the mouth there are differences between the participant groups in the nature and activity of mucosal innate immunity, in immune responses to SARS-COV2 antigens, or in the oral microbiome
The goal of the current study is to evaluate the ability of CGB-400, a proprietary eutectic mixture of GRAS compounds, to clear the toenail fungal growth and improve the appearance of the fungus affected area(s). This is an open-label, single group POC study evaluating the effectiveness of CGB-400 Topical Gel for toenail fungal growth clearing. The study consists of a 12-week period with 5 clinic visits at the following timepoints: Baseline (Day 0), and Weeks 2, 6, and 12 and post-application follow-up at Week 24. The applications could be extended for an additional 12 weeks based on PI's observations. Approximately 15 subjects will be enrolled and subjected to application of CGB-400 Topical Gel. Subjects must be at least 18 years of age and will be selected by the concerned PI.
- Herpesvirus infections may be severe in immunocompromised patients, with a high risk of complications and mortality. - Recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) or patients receiving high-intensity chemotherapy for hematological malignancies are the most vulnerable individuals. - Although the worldwide prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), antiviral prophylaxis in seropositive HSCT recipients has significantly reduced the rate of infection. - Acyclovir (ACV) is the first-choice drug for the prophylaxis or the therapy of that kind of infection. - Since the beginning, ACV has demonstrated to be characterized by a large interpatient variability, especially in children. - Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies may help in optimizing drug in children with malignancies.
Amyloidosis is a serious systemic disease. Cardiac involvement has a great impact on prognosis and can occur in its three main forms: acquired monoclonal light chain, hereditary transthyretinal and senile form. The physiopathogenesis basically results from the deposition of an abnormal protein (amyloid) with toxic properties to the myocyte. The scope of this study will be a hereditary transthyretinal amyloidosis (hATTR). It is known that amyloidotic cardiomyopathy due to transthyretin deposit is an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure in adults, being an important differential diagnosis of diseases that manifest with increased myocardial thickness, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or myocardial hypertrophy that accompanies the different degrees of aortic valve stenosis. The human gut microbiota is immensely diverse. It is estimated at around 100 trillion microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. The microbiota of each individual is unique and determined by genetic factors such as age, type of delivery, use of antibiotics and diet. Recent data point to the hypothesis that the resilience of the intestinal microbiota plays a role in the process of disease development and health restoration.
The great harm of pancreatic diseases and the unknown etiology and pathogenesis make it difficult to intervene in most early cases in time. Previous studies by scholars and applicants at home and abroad have shown that the microflora in pancreatic tissue is closely related to chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, the research on the mechanism of microbial diversity in pancreatic tissue and the occurrence and development of various pancreatic diseases has not been reported. Based on the previous research, this subject continues to take various pancreatic diseases as the research object based on the database of pancreatic center and pathology department of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, To explore the characteristics of microbial flora in pancreas in different pancreatic diseases and its mechanism of influence on disease microenvironment. Select specific microbial flora or targets in the pancreas for various pancreatic diseases, so as to provide new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases.
The primary objective is to determine the safety and feasibility of administering R-MVST cells to patients with refractory viral reactivation and/or symptomatic disease caused by Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus (ADV) or BK virus. R-MVST cells will be generated on-demand from the closest partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched (minimum haploidentical) healthy donors or from the original allo-transplant donor if available. The investigator will closely monitor the recipients for potential toxicities including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-infusion. Secondary objectives are to determine the effect of R-MVST infusion on viral load, possible recovery of antiviral immunity post-infusion and for evidence of clinical responses and overall survival. Recipients will be monitored for secondary graft failure at day 28 post R-MVST infusion.
Randomized, double-blind prospective trial to test the efficacy of therapeutic, antiseptic mouth rinses to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva of COVID-19 positive patients aged 18-65 years old. All mouthrinses are commercially available and will be used according to on-label instructions. Patients will be randomized to a mouthrinse and will be asked to give a saliva sample immediately before and after a one minute mouthwash. Saliva samples will be collected from patients at 15 minute intervals thereafter up to an hour (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). The samples will be stored and used for real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral infectivity assays. Patients will also complete a short-survey on the taste and experience of using the mouthwash. This study involves 150 subject participants and one, 75-90 minute visit.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy compared with furazolidone-based quadruple therapy as a rescue treatment for helicobacter pylori infection.