Trial of Smoking Cessation Programs in Black Churches

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

To provide a comprehensive description of smoking beliefs and behavior among rural Blacks, and to test the effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies delivered through Black churches.

Clinical Trial Description

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

Two demographically similar rural counties in central Virginia were compared, one intervention and one control site. In each country, two cohorts were assembled, a random sample of all Black smokers (the community cohort), and all members of randomly sampled Black churches (the church cohort). The descriptive component of the study elicited the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior concerning smoking from these cohorts. Cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure and cholesterol levels, were also determined in the community cohort. For the experimental component, a variety of interventions which have proven to be efficacious in other settings were implemented through Black churches. These included fostering a supportive environment, distributing self-help materials, and providing individual support and counselling through the use of peer facilitators. The results of the baseline psychosocial survey were used to modify these methods for local use. They were then implemented in a culturally appropriate fashion at the intervention sites. Baseline smoking rates were determined using the initial surveys in both counties. Smokers were surveyed again at the end of the interventions and one year later to establish one-year abstinence rates. These were used as the primary outcome variables for the analysis of effect. The principal effect of the interventions were measured by comparing smoking abstinence rates between the church cohorts in the intervention and control counties. Due to the extended nature of the social networks associated with the churches, the interventions may also have had an effect on individuals not directly exposed, and this was determined by comparing the outcomes in the community cohorts. Finally, the associations between the baseline psychosocial and physiologic variables, exposure to the interventions, and smoking cessation behavior were also analyzed, to characterize on a population basis those who were and were not influenced by these church-based programs. ;

Study Design

Time Perspective: Retrospective

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

Clinical Trial Details

NCT number	NCT00005689
Study type	Observational
Source	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Contact
Status	Completed
Phase	N/A
Start date	July 1991
Completion date	June 1995

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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.