| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Histologically-confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast (Confirmation will be
done at MSKCC)
- Age =18 years.
- Radiologic evidence of new and/or progressive brain metastasis (=10 mm in longest
dimension) by MR imaging of the Brain
- Life expectancy of >12 weeks.
- Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) of =70%
- If a patient is on corticosteroids, he/she must be on a non-escalating corticosteroid
dose (not exceeding more than 16 mg daily of Dexamethasone oral) for = 5 days.
- No limit to prior therapies with last anti-cancer treatment = 2 weeks from initiation
of protocol based therapy provided all toxicities (other than alopecia) have resolved
to =Grade 1 or baseline.
- Planned WBRT based on number (= 3 lesions) and/or size (= 1 cm) of BMs (SRS) in
addition to WBRT will also be eligible.
- Patients with prior SRS will also be eligible, provided that there are new,
non-irradiated measurable brain lesions.
- No limit to prior therapies with last anti-cancer treatment =2 weeks from initiation
of WBRT. Please note: there is no washout period required for trastuzumab and
pertuzumab.
- Prior hormonal therapy for locally advanced or metastatic disease is allowed but this
must have been discontinued prior to enrollment. No washout period will be required.
- Continuation of trastuzumab and pertuzumab are allowed for those patients already on
trastuzumab and pertuzumab therapy.
- Adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function as assessed by the following:
- Granulocyte count = 1,000/µL, platelet count = 100,000/µL, and hemoglobin = 10 g/dL
(hematologic parameters must be assessed at least 14 days after a prior transfusion,
if any)
- Serum bilirubin = 1.5 mg/dL; AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase = 2.5 × ULN except
for: Patients with hepatic metastases: ALT and AST = 5 × ULN; patients with hepatic
and/or bone metastases:
- alkaline phosphatase = 5 × ULN and patients with Gilbert's disease: serum bilirubin <
5 mg/dL
- Serum creatinine = 1.5 mg/dL or creatinine clearance of = 60 mL/min based on a 24-hour
urine collection
- Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test performed
within 7 days prior to enrollment and must agree to use adequate contraception prior
to enrollment and for the duration of study participation. Subjects (men and women) of
childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception beginning at the
signing of the ICF until at least 30 days after the last dose of study drug.
- Patients must be able to swallow and retain oral medication.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Leptomeningeal metastases, hemorrhagic metastases, presence of midline shift Please
note: leptomeningeal metastases may be allowed if it is limited to cranial metastasis
(MRI spine should be completed, within 4 weeks of enrollment, to show that no other
leptomeningeal metastases is present) and is not the only metastasis present in the
brain.'
- Contraindications to sorafenib
- Prior treatment with any agent that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
or VEGF receptors (VEGFR) (licensed or investigational including sorafenib), except
bevacizumab.
- Craniotomy or any other major surgery, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury
within 4 weeks of enrollment.
- Serious, non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture.
- Uncontrolled seizures
- Use of cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs (such as phenytoin,
carbamazepine, or phenobarbital) is not allowed.
- Cardiac disease:
- Congestive heart failure >class II New York Heart Association (NYHA) (See Appendix B,
or
- Unstable angina (anginal symptoms at rest), or new-onset angina (begun within the last
3 months), or myocardial infarction within the 6 months prior to enrollment, or
- Cardiac ventricular arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy.
- Congenital long QT syndrome or taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval ( See
Appendix D or http://www. Azcert.org )
- Subjects taking any drugs with a known risk of causing torsades de pointes.
- Grade 3 hypertension ( SBP = 160 mm Hg and/or DBP = 100 mm Hg despite maximal medical
therapy)
- = Grade 2 Lipase increased (>1.5 x ULN),
- Thrombolic, embolic, venous, or arterial events such as a cerebrovascular accident
including transient ischemic attacks within the past 6 months.
- Evidence or history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy at the time of enrollment.
- Pulmonary hemorrhage/bleeding event >National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for
Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE, version 4.0) Grade 2 within 4 weeks of enrollment.
- Any other hemorrhage/bleeding event =NCI-CTCAE Grade 3 within 4 weeks of enrollment.
- Therapeutic anticoagulation with Vitamin-K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) or with
heparins and heparinoids. However, prophylactic anticoagulation as described below is
allowed:
- Low dose warfarin (1 mg orally, once daily) with PT-INR = 1.5 x ULN is permitted.
Infrequent bleeding or elevations in PT-INR have been reported in some subjects taking
warfarin while on sorafenib or capecitabine therapy. Therefore, subjects taking
concomitant warfarin should be monitored regularly for changes in PT, PT-INR or
clinical bleeding episodes.
- Low dose aspirin (= 100 mg daily).
- Active clinically serious infection >NCI-CTCAE Grade 2.
- Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic hepatitis B or C (the
safety and effectiveness of sorafenib in this patient population have not been
studied).
- Previous or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from
breast cancer within 5 years prior to enrollment EXCEPT cervical cancer in situ,
treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as long as it is other
than SCC involving skin of the head and/or neck, and superficial bladder tumors [Ta
and Tis].
- Subjects who have used strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine,
phenobarbital, St. John's Wort [Hypericum perforatum], dexamethasone at a dose of
greater than 16 mg daily for more than one day, or rifampin [rifampicin], and/or
rifabutin) within 28 days before randomization.
- Concurrent anti-cancer therapy (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy
(other than that specified by the protocol), surgery, immunotherapy, biologic therapy
including trastuzumab, lapatinib, bevacizumab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors other than
sorafenib or tumor embolization
- Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
- Use of any investigational drug within 28 days or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer,
preceding enrollment. For the purposes of this study, bevacizumab will not be
considered investigational therapy.
- Inability to comply with protocol and /or not willing or not available for follow-up
assessments.
- Any condition which in the investigator's opinion makes the patient unsuitable for the
study participation.
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