View clinical trials related to Arterial Stiffness.
Filter by:Investigators will examine arterial stiffness and pulse waveform analysis. Subjects with vitamin D insufficiency will be recruited. A double blind randomized controlled study will examine the effects of standard dose vitamin D3 (800 IU) versus higher dose vitamin D3 (5000 IU)-given on a daily basis.In order to understand mechanisms of action by which vitamin D would improve arterial stiffness investigators will use biomarkers. Oxidative and inflammatory stress will be measured by plasma F2-isoprostanes and Sulforaphane levels.
Watermelon is the only food with a unique combination of amino acids and antioxidants that may reduce artery stiffness. However, only 27% of older adults meet the daily recommendation for fruit intake. Because it tastes good and is convenient and easy to consume, watermelon juice is an innovative and impactful intervention to help elders easily meet recommendations for fruit servings. If effective, this intervention would be a simple, inexpensive way to combat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Results will advance science by providing a better understanding whether four-week consumption of 100% watermelon juice may impact measures of vascular health and inflammation in postmenopausal women.
This study investigates the effect of dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation on 1) large elastic artery stiffness and hemodynamics and 2) cerebrovascular function in middle-aged and older adults. Participants will be randomized to consume either nitrate-containing or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice.
The principal aim of the study is to determine whether the hemodynamic parameters measured with the two methods -impedance cardiography and applanation tonometry- can be predictive of the antihypertensive effect of two different classes of drugs, ATII antagonists and diuretics. The drugs that will be used in the study are olmesartan and chlorthalidone and the duration of the study is 12 months. The other basic aim of the study is to determine whether there is a difference (>6mmHg) between the two drugs regarding the reduction of the mean 24hour blood pressure and the effect of them on the hemodynamic parameters. The hemodynamic parameters that will be measured by applanation tonometry are augmentation index, central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. The hemodynamic parameters that will be measured by impedance cardiography are cardiac index, thoracic fluid content index, systemic vascular resistance index and others.
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), physical activity is an important modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately (long-term) compliance to exercise programs in patients with T2D is poor. Light-intensity physical activity (LiPA) such as walking slowly, household activities or taking a flight of stairs might be a potential target for lowering the CVD risk in patients with T2D since it can perhaps be more be incorporated into daily life. To assess cardiovascular disease risk in this single-blinded RCT, the investigators settled on measuring arterial stiffness as the primary outcome. Arterial stiffness has independent predictive value for cardiovascular events and can be measured reliably and non-invasively. The investigators hypothesize that light intensity physical activity intervention program based upon increasing LiPA by replacing sedentary time is effective in lowering arterial stiffness as estimated by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid distensibility in individuals with T2D.
The African-PREDICT study aims to (i) generate new knowledge on the early pathophysiology accompanying hypertension development in black South Africans; and (ii) to identify early novel markers or predictors for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular outcome. By employing also in Africa the latest cutting-edge scientific technologies to measure single and multiple biomarkers proven to predict hypertension and cardiovascular outcome (such as multiplex analyses, proteomics and metabolomics), precision medicine may have the potential to lead to novel strategies in preventing and treating hypertension in Africa.
Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) can be treated using surgery, balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. Although short-term results are excellent with all three treatment modalities, long term cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality remain high, likely due to persistently abnormal vascular function. The effects of treatment modality on long term vascular function remain uncharacterized. The goal of this study is to assess vascular function in this patient population for comparison among the treatment modalities. Methods: Vascular function in large and small arteries will be prospectively assessed fusing multiple non-invasive modalities, and the results will be compared among the three groups of CoA patients previously treated using surgery, balloon angioplasty or stent implantation after frequency matching for confounding variables. A comprehensive vascular function assessment protocol was created to be used in 7 centers. The primary outcome is arterial stiffness measured by arterial tonometry. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully established after consideration of several potential confounders. Sample size was calculated for the primary outcome variable. Conclusions: Treatment modalities for CoA may have distinct impact on large and small arterial vascular function. The results of this study will help identify the treatment modality that is associated with the most optimal level of vascular function, which, in the long term may reduce CV risk.
Vascular stiffness increases as a person ages, due to the repetitive stress that is put on the vascular system which causes changes in the elasticity of the vessel walls. The increased stiffness of the arteries puts added stress on the circulatory system. This rise in stiffness has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, in both presumably healthy patients, as well as elderly patients The current method for assessing perioperative cardiac risk is the Goldman's Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). This method, however, does not include a direct measurement of arterial stiffness. Applanation tonometry is a non-invasive technique that has been shown to reliably provide indices of arterial stiffness While the use of applanation tonometry has been widely studied in general medicine, it is has not been studied for pre-operative risk assessment in surgical patients. The purpose of this investigation is to examine whether aortic stiffness is an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular related adverse events in patients who are having major surgery under general anesthesia. Applanation tonometry will be performed on the right carotid and femoral arteries to assess carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a surrogate for aortic stiffness. (SphygmoCor system, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia). The measurement will be obtained before induction of general anesthesia in the presurgical area. Patients' medical history, intraoperative hemodynamics, and any postoperative complications will be recorded to determine significant correlations and relationships. This information will potentially help identify future patients that might be at greater risk of developing an adverse cardiovascular event following their surgical procedure.
Investigating the acute effects of a single use E-Cigarette upon vascular health.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarct (CADASIL) is a lethal disease caused by a gene mutation that affects arteries in the brain. Symptoms include migraines, strokes, memory loss, and dementia. There are no treatments. Researchers want to study people who have CADASIL to learn more about it. Objectives: To learn more about CADASIL by studying people who have it. Eligibility: People ages 18-100 who were diagnosed with CADASIL in the past 5 years and can make their own decisions Design: Participants will be screened in another NIH protocol. Participants will have 3 visits over 2 years. These may include: - Physical exam - Thinking and concentration tests - Blood tests - Skin biopsy: A small skin punch is removed from the arm or leg - Eye exam and eye imaging tests - Fluorescein angiogram: A catheter is placed in an arm vein. Dye is given through the catheter and travels to the eyes. - EndoPAT: A small clamp on the fingertip measures blood volume. - Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI): Artery stiffness is tested with blood pressure cuffs on the arms and legs. Soft electrodes on the skin measure heart signals. - Brain MRI or MRA: They lie on a table that slides in and out of a tube that takes pictures. They may get a contrast agent in their vein. It brightens the brain so researchers can see where blood flows. - CT scan of the heart: They lie on a table that slides in and out of a machine that takes pictures. - They get contrast dye injected through a catheter. They may get a medicine that makes their blood vessels bigger or slows their heart rate.