Effectiveness of Traditional and Computerized Versions of Super Skills for Life in Children

Anxiety Disorders Clinical Trial

Official title:

Comparative Effectiveness of Traditional and Computerized Versions of the Transdiagnostic Program Super Skills for Life in Children Aged 8-12 Years: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05574491
• Other study ID #: 220118115011
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 7, 2023
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: January 2024
• Source: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral protocol developed for children aged 6 to 12 with anxiety and comorbid problems (e.g., depression, low self-esteem, and lack of social skills). SSL consists of eight sessions targeting common risk factors for internalizing disorders such as cognitive distortions, avoidance, emotional management, low self-esteem, social skills deficits and coping strategies. The aim of the study is to investigate the comparative effectiveness of SSL in its traditional and computerized versions on internalizing symptoms in Spanish children between 8 and 12 years of age.

Description:

Children will be selected to receive the SSL program based on results on psychometrically robust measurements and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Selected children will be randomly assigned to the conditions of the two intervention groups (traditional and computerized versions of SSL). Parents and children from the two groups will complete the same measures at baseline and post-treatment. They will also complete these measures at 6 months follow-up, and 12 months follow-up. Researchers will compare the results of pre-test to post-test assessments in children participating in the traditional and multimedia versions of SSL on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, interference of anxiety on child's life, self-esteem, social skills, social worries, and cognitive emotional regulation. The investigators will also assess these variables in the intervention group at 6 months and 12 months follow-up.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 105
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 8 Years to 12 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children aged 8 - 12 years old.
• Presence of emotional symptoms, which will be assessed using the SCAS and the MFQ, parent versions. The cut-off point for inclusion in the study is a score equal to or above 25 on the SCAS and/or equal to or above 20 on the MFQ.
• Speaking, reading, writing and understanding Spanish.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Intellectual disability, behavioral symptoms, or autism spectrum symptoms whose severity precluded continued treatment.
• Being receiving current psychological or pharmacological treatment for anxiety and/or depression.
• Not accepting or revoking informed consent to participate in the study.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms
• Depression
• Depressive Disorder
• Depressive Symptoms
• Emotional Disorder
• Mood Disorders

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Super Skills for Life: traditional version
Structured and manualized intervention with a manual for the therapist and a workbook for the children. The intervention will be administered by trained clinical psychologists in SSL. Sessions will be held once a week for eight weeks, with each session lasting approximately forty five minutes. The program includes emotional education, social skills training, cognitive restructuring, relaxation techniques, self-observation, problem solving and behavioural activation. These contents are learned through playful exercises, activities, readings, and role-playing. Both modalities of intervention will be in-person. Spanish version of Super Skills for Life group program: Orgilés, M., Espada, J.P., Ollendick, T.H. & Essau, C. (2022). Programa Super Skills. Manual del aplicador. Elche, ES: Universidad Miguel Hernández.
• Super Skills for Life: computerized version
Structured and manualized intervention with a manual for the therapist and multimedia material for the children.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Spain	Department of Health Psychology. Miguel Hernandez University of Elche	Elche	Alicante

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Spain, 

References & Publications (10)

Escribano S, Espada JP, Orgiles M, Morales A. Implementation fidelity for promoting the effectiveness of an adolescent sexual health program. Eval Program Plann. 2016 Dec;59:81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Aug 31. — View Citation

Essau CA, Olaya B, Sasagawa S, Pithia J, Bray D, Ollendick TH. Integrating video-feedback and cognitive preparation, social skills training and behavioural activation in a cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of childhood anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2014;167:261-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.056. Epub 2014 Jun 4. — View Citation

Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Jones G, Fernandes B, Ollendick TH. Evaluating the real-world effectiveness of a cognitive behavior therapy-based transdiagnostic program for emotional problems in children in a regular school setting. J Affect Disord. 2019 Jun 15;253:357-365. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.036. Epub 2019 Apr 16. — View Citation

Fernandez-Martinez I, Morales A, Espada JP, Orgiles M. Effects of Super Skills for Life on the social skills of anxious children through video analysis. Psicothema. 2020 May;32(2):229-236. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2019.240. — View Citation

Fernandez-Martinez I, Orgiles M, Morales A, Espada JP, Essau CA. One-Year follow-up effects of a cognitive behavior therapy-based transdiagnostic program for emotional problems in young children: A school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2020 Feb 1;262:258-266. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.002. Epub 2019 Nov 4. — View Citation

Melero S, Morales A, Espada JP, Mendez X, Orgiles M. Effectiveness of Group vs. Individual Therapy to Decrease Peer Problems and Increase Prosociality in Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 9;18(8):3950. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18083950. — View Citation

Melero S, Morales A, Espada JP, Orgiles M. Improving Social Performance Through Video-feedback with Cognitive Preparation in Children with Emotional Problems. Behav Modif. 2022 Jul;46(4):755-781. doi: 10.1177/0145445521991098. Epub 2021 Jan 29. — View Citation

Melero S, Orgiles M, Espada JP, Morales A. Spanish version of Super Skills for Life in individual modality: Improvement of children's emotional well-being from a transdiagnostic approach. J Clin Psychol. 2021 Oct;77(10):2187-2202. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23148. Epub 2021 Apr 21. — View Citation

Orgiles M, Fernandez-Martinez I, Espada JP, Morales A. Spanish version of Super Skills for Life: short- and long-term impact of a transdiagnostic prevention protocol targeting childhood anxiety and depression. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019 Nov;32(6):694-710. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1645836. Epub 2019 Jul 23. — View Citation

Orgiles M, Melero S, Fernandez-Martinez I, Espada JP, Morales A. Effectiveness of Video-Feedback with Cognitive Preparation in Improving Social Performance and Anxiety through Super Skills for Life Programme Implemented in a School Setting. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 18;17(8):2805. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082805. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Baseline children's reported anxiety symptoms	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Child Report (SCAS). SCAS measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	Baseline
Primary	Children's reported anxiety symptoms immediately after the intervention	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Child Report (SCAS). SCAS measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	Immediately after the intervention
Primary	Children's reported anxiety symptoms at 6 months	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Child Report (SCAS). SCAS measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	6 months after the intervention
Primary	Children's reported anxiety symptoms at 12 months	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Child Report (SCAS). SCAS measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	12 months after the intervention
Primary	Baseline parent-reported anxiety symptoms	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Parent Report (SCAS-P). SCAS-P measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	Baseline
Primary	Parent-reported anxiety symptoms immediately after the intervention	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Parent Report (SCAS-P). SCAS-P measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	Immediately after the intervention
Primary	Parent-reported anxiety symptoms immediately at 6 months	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Parent Report (SCAS-P). SCAS-P measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	6 months after the intervention
Primary	Parent-reported anxiety symptoms immediately at 12 months	Measured by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale Parent Report (SCAS-P). SCAS-P measures symptoms severity of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children (subscales: total, panic and agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety and specific fears). Symptom frequency is recorded on a 3-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 3 (always). This yields a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 114. Higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms.	12 months after the intervention
Primary	Baseline children's reported depressive symptoms	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire - Short Version (MFQS). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 26). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	Baseline
Primary	Children's reported depressive symptoms immediately after the intervention	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire - Short Version (MFQS). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 26). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	Immediately after the intervention
Primary	Children's reported depressive symptoms at 6 months	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire - Short Version (MFQS). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 26). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	6 months after the intervention
Primary	Children's reported depressive symptoms at 12 months	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire - Short Version (MFQS). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 26). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	12 months after the intervention
Primary	Baseline parent-reported depressive symptoms	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Parent-Report (MFQ-P). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 68). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	Baseline
Primary	Parent-reported depressive symptoms immediately after the intervention	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Parent-Report (MFQ-P). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 68). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	Immediately after the intervention
Primary	Parent-reported depressive symptoms immediately at 6 months	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Parent-Report (MFQ-P). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 68). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	6 months after the intervention
Primary	Parent-reported depressive symptoms immediately at 12 months	Measured by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Parent-Report (MFQ-P). It assess depressive symptoms experienced in the past two weeks. The MFQS provides an overall score (minimum value 0, maximum value 68). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline children's anxiety-related interference	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Child Report (CALIS-C). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 36. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	Baseline
Secondary	Children's anxiety-related interference immediately after the intervention	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Child Report (CALIS-C). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 36. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Children's anxiety-related interference at 6 months	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Child Report (CALIS-C). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 36. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Children's anxiety-related interference at 12 months	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Child Report (CALIS-C). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 36. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline parent-reported anxiety-related interference	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Parent Report (CALIS-P). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 64. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	Baseline
Secondary	Parent-reported anxiety-related interference immediately after the intervention	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Parent Report (CALIS-P). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 64. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Parent-reported anxiety-related interference at 6 months	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Parent Report (CALIS-P). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 64. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Parent-reported anxiety-related interference at 12 months	Measured by Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale Parent Report (CALIS-P). It assesses life interference and impairment related to anxiety in the child's school, social, and home/family settings. Scores range from a minimum value of 0 to a maximun value of 64. Higher scores indicate larger child anxiety-related interference.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline self-esteem	Self-Concept Form 5 (AF-5). It measures global satisfaction with self-concept (minimum value 0 and maximum value 120) and five dimensions (minimum value 0 and maximum value 24): Social (performance in social relationships); Academic/Professional (student/worker role); Emotional (perception of emotional state in general and in specific situations); Family (participation and integration into the family unit); and Physical self-concept (appearance and physical condition). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with self-image.	Baseline
Secondary	Self-esteem immediately after the intervention	Self-Concept Form 5 (AF-5). It measures global satisfaction with self-concept (minimum value 0 and maximum value 120) and five dimensions (minimum value 0 and maximum value 24): Social (performance in social relationships); Academic/Professional (student/worker role); Emotional (perception of emotional state in general and in specific situations); Family (participation and integration into the family unit); and Physical self-concept (appearance and physical condition). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with self-image.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Self-esteem at 6 months	Self-Concept Form 5 (AF-5). It measures global satisfaction with self-concept (minimum value 0 and maximum value 120) and five dimensions (minimum value 0 and maximum value 24): Social (performance in social relationships); Academic/Professional (student/worker role); Emotional (perception of emotional state in general and in specific situations); Family (participation and integration into the family unit); and Physical self-concept (appearance and physical condition). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with self-image.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Self-esteem at 12 months	Self-Concept Form 5 (AF-5). It measures global satisfaction with self-concept (minimum value 0 and maximum value 120) and five dimensions (minimum value 0 and maximum value 24): Social (performance in social relationships); Academic/Professional (student/worker role); Emotional (perception of emotional state in general and in specific situations); Family (participation and integration into the family unit); and Physical self-concept (appearance and physical condition). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with self-image.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline social skills	Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ). It measures children's social functioning, as reflected by specific behavioural responses during interaction with another person. The scale consists of 30 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 60. Higher scores indicate higher social skills.	Baseline
Secondary	Social skills immediately after the intervention	Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ). It measures children's social functioning, as reflected by specific behavioural responses during interaction with another person. The scale consists of 30 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 60. Higher scores indicate higher social skills.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Social skills at 6 months	Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ). It measures children's social functioning, as reflected by specific behavioural responses during interaction with another person. The scale consists of 30 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 60. Higher scores indicate higher social skills.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Social skills at 12 months	Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ). It measures children's social functioning, as reflected by specific behavioural responses during interaction with another person. The scale consists of 30 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 60. Higher scores indicate higher social skills.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline social worries	Social Worries Questionnaire (SSW). It measures children's social worries, in terms of anxiety about and avoidance of specific social situations in which social evaluation or scrutiny by others is likely to occur. The scale consists of 12 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 24. Higher scores indicate higher social worries.	Baseline
Secondary	Social worries immediately after the intervention	Social Worries Questionnaire (SSW). It measures children's social worries, in terms of anxiety about and avoidance of specific social situations in which social evaluation or scrutiny by others is likely to occur. The scale consists of 12 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 24. Higher scores indicate higher social worries.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Social worries at 6 months	Social Worries Questionnaire (SSW). It measures children's social worries, in terms of anxiety about and avoidance of specific social situations in which social evaluation or scrutiny by others is likely to occur. The scale consists of 12 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 24. Higher scores indicate higher social worries.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Social worries at 12 months	Social Worries Questionnaire (SSW). It measures children's social worries, in terms of anxiety about and avoidance of specific social situations in which social evaluation or scrutiny by others is likely to occur. The scale consists of 12 items rated 0 to 2 points. Minimum value 0 and maximum value 24. Higher scores indicate higher social worries.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline cognitive emotion regulation strategies	Measured by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-k). CERQ-k consists of 36 items that measure nine cognitive coping strategies. Each subscale represents one cognitive coping strategy: Self-blame, Other blame, Acceptance, Planning, Positive refocusing, Rumination or focus on thought, Positive reappraisal, Putting into perspective, and Catastrophizing. The response format of the items is a five point scale from (almost) never to (almost) always. Each item is rated 1 to 5 points. Minimum value 36 and maximum value 180.	Baseline
Secondary	Cognitive emotion regulation strategies immediately after the intervention	Measured by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire children self-report (CERQ-k). CERQ-k consists of 36 items that measure nine cognitive coping strategies. Each subscale represents one cognitive coping strategy: Self-blame, Other blame, Acceptance, Planning, Positive refocusing, Rumination or focus on thought, Positive reappraisal, Putting into perspective, and Catastrophizing. The response format of the items is a five point scale from (almost) never to (almost) always. Each item is rated 1 to 5 points. Minimum value 36 and maximum value 180.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Cognitive emotion regulation strategies at 6 months	Measured by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire children self-report (CERQ-k). CERQ-k consists of 36 items that measure nine cognitive coping strategies. Each subscale represents one cognitive coping strategy: Self-blame, Other blame, Acceptance, Planning, Positive refocusing, Rumination or focus on thought, Positive reappraisal, Putting into perspective, and Catastrophizing. The response format of the items is a five point scale from (almost) never to (almost) always. Each item is rated 1 to 5 points. Minimum value 36 and maximum value 180.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Cognitive emotion regulation strategies at 12 months	Measured by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire children self-report (CERQ-k). CERQ-k consists of 36 items that measure nine cognitive coping strategies. Each subscale represents one cognitive coping strategy: Self-blame, Other blame, Acceptance, Planning, Positive refocusing, Rumination or focus on thought, Positive reappraisal, Putting into perspective, and Catastrophizing. The response format of the items is a five point scale from (almost) never to (almost) always. Each item is rated 1 to 5 points. Minimum value 36 and maximum value 180.	12 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline parental depression, anxiety and stress symptoms	Measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - short version (DASS-21). It contains a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.; Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic nonspecific arousal. It assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. Scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.	Baseline
Secondary	Baseline parental depression, anxiety and stress symptoms	Measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - short version (DASS-21). It contains a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.; Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic nonspecific arousal. It assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. Scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.	Immediately after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline parental depression, anxiety and stress symptoms	Measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - short version (DASS-21). It contains a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.; Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic nonspecific arousal. It assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. Scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.	6 months after the intervention
Secondary	Baseline parental depression, anxiety and stress symptoms	Measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - short version (DASS-21). It contains a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.; Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest / involvement, anhedonia and inertia. The anxiety scale assesses autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience of anxious affect. The stress scale is sensitive to levels of chronic nonspecific arousal. It assesses difficulty relaxing, nervous arousal, and being easily upset / agitated, irritable / over-reactive and impatient. Scores for depression, anxiety and stress are calculated by summing the scores for the relevant items.	12 months after the intervention

External Links

•   Programa Super Skills for Life - Spanish webpage
•   Super Skills for Life original program's webpage