View clinical trials related to Violence.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to test whether a violence prevention curriculum delivered by Big Brothers and Big Sisters staff and mentors can reduce violence involvement for assault-injured youth.
This study compares the effects of standard HIV test, treat and retain (TTR) practices with TTR plus a woman-focused enhanced strategy--Women's Health CoOp (WHC+) intervention) targeting hard-to-reach and vulnerable alcohol and other drug (AOD)-using women to determine if the WHC+ intervention is more efficacious than TTR alone in reducing HIV risk behavior. Additionally, the study will determine whether HIV positive women in the WHC+ arm are more likely to follow through with referrals for further medical evaluation and linkages to HIV treatment and other care than women in the TTR arm.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents receive anticipatory guidance about violence prevention as part of the routine well child visit. Educational resources are needed to help physicians routinely provide these important anticipatory guidance messages. In this study, consecutive parents will be exposed to routine anticipatory guidance messages before the well child visit with the physician. After the clinic visit, parents will be invited to participate in a research study to determine if they plan any changes at home. The key research question of this study is: Can a brief multimedia program (i.e. Play Nicely program) and/or the AAP Connected Kids brochure, entitled, "Pulling the Plug on TV Violence", help parents develop plans to decreases their children's exposure to violence in the media (e.g. less media time, no TV in the bedroom)?
This is a community-based participatory study to test a brief intervention to reduce risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated unintended pregnancy among young, medically underserved women attending family planning (FP) clinics. Women ages 16-29 years utilizing FP clinics report higher rates of IPV compared to their same-age peers, experiences associated with unintended pregnancy. A critical mechanism connecting IPV with poor reproductive health is abusive partners' control of women's reproduction through condom refusal, pressuring women to get pregnant, and birth control sabotage, a phenomenon described as reproductive coercion. In the investigative team's pilot intervention study 53% of young women using FP clinics reported ever experiencing IPV, and 25% reported reproductive coercion, the combination of which was strongly associated with unintended pregnancy. The proposed reproductive coercion/partner violence intervention was developed collaboratively by community-based practitioners, advocates, and researchers, with significant input from FP clients. Designed to be implemented within routine FP care, maximizing feasibility and sustainability of this program, the intervention provides 1) client education and assessment regarding IPV and reproductive coercion; 2) discussion of harm reduction behaviors to reduce risk for unintended pregnancy and IPV victimization, and 3) supported referrals to IPV victim services. This is a full-scale RCT to assess the effects of this innovative program on IPV, reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy, major health threats for medically underserved women. Evaluation of this intervention will involve random assignment of 25 FP clinics (unit of randomization) in Western PA to either intervention or control (i.e., standard-of-care) conditions. Female FP clients ages 16-29 (N=3600) will be assessed at baseline, 12-20 weeks (FU1), and 12 months (FU2) to assess intervention effects on knowledge and behaviors related to IPV, reproductive coercion and related harm reduction, as well as unintended pregnancy. Data will be collected via audio computer-assisted self-interview in English or Spanish. Chart extraction will track clinic utilization, pregnancy testing, and diagnosed pregnancies. Regression models appropriate for longitudinal data from cluster-randomized trials will be used to estimate intervention effects.
Despite the high prevalence of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) reported among adolescent females and substantial reports of perpetration by young males, effective prevention programs to prevent ARA are limited. Male athletes are an important target for prevention efforts given their higher rates of abuse perpetration compared to non-athlete peers as well as their social influence among their peers. This cluster-randomized school-based investigation examines the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of ARA. "Coaching Boys into Men" (CBIM) is a social norms theory-based program intended to alter norms that foster ARA perpetration, promote bystander intervention, and reduce ARA perpetration by engaging athletic coaches as positive role models to deliver violence prevention scripts and tools to high school age male athletes. Coaches receive a 60-minute training session to administer the intervention to their athletes via 11 lessons across a sport season. Trained high school coaches talk to their male athletes about 1) what constitutes disrespectful and harmful vs. respectful behaviors, 2) promoting more gender-equitable attitudes, and 3) modeling bystander intervention when disrespectful behaviors toward women and girls are witnessed. The current investigation evaluates the intervention in 16 urban high schools randomized either to receive the CBIM program (i.e., intervention schools, n=8) or to a control condition (n=8). Baseline computer-based surveys are collected for all intervention and control site student athletes entering grades 9 through 12 at the start of each of three sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1). Follow up surveys are collected for these same athletes at the end of their first sports season (Time 2). Participating athletes in grades 9 - 11 at baseline are re-surveyed 12 months after Time 1 to examine the longer term effects of the CBIM intervention (Time 3; N of athletes completing all 3 waves of data collection = 1500). Primary assessment of intervention effects are based on intent-to-treat estimates, utilizing generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering arising from school randomization. Hypothesized outcomes for male athletes include a) an increase in recognition of what constitutes abusive behaviors, b) more gender-equitable attitudes, c) an increase in intentions and reports of bystander intervention regarding ARA, and through these intermediate outcomes, d) a decrease in perpetration of ARA among adolescent male athletes.
The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a cultural-, age- and gender-focused Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention intervention in reducing risk behaviors among African-American young women relative to general health intervention.
The Community Youth Development Study is an experimental test of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention planning system. It has been designed to find out if communities that were trained to use the CTC system improved public health by reducing rates of adolescent drug use, delinquency, violence, and risky sexual behavior when compared to communities that did not use this approach. The primary purpose of the current continuation study is to investigate whether CTC has long-term effects on substance use, antisocial behavior, and violence, as well as secondary effects on educational attainment, mental health, and sexual risk behavior in young adults at ages 26 and 28. The continuation study also examines (a) how the interaction of social, normative, and legal marijuana contexts creates variation in the permissiveness of individuals' marijuana environments from late childhood to young adulthood and (b) whether, when, and for whom permissive marijuana environments increase marijuana and ATOD use and misuse from age 11 to 28 and interfere with the adoption of adult roles.
Objective- Analysis of the health status of women who were or are victims of domestic and sexual violence seeking attention at the outpatient clinic for Endocrines Gynecology and Climactery - University of Sao Paulo General Hospital. To widen the comprehension of the binomial relationship violence-pathologies by professionals/staff who work in health services, offering women in such situation humane, comprehensive and qualified attention. Specific Objectives: decreasing the rates of domestic and sexual violence against women employing: prevention, health education and treatment - within the context of health services and public policies. Methodology - Project Type: Research in Action A- Attention to women in a situation of domestic and sexual violence during climactery; B- Information/Education/Communication (IEC) C- Behavioral Intervention (IC) D- Institutional Development (DI). Target Populations: 1. Women (during the ages of 40 to 65 years) who were or are victims of domestic and/or sexual violence; 2. Professional/staff who work in services attending women in sexual and domestic violent situations (health professionals, policemen, civil society) in areas located within the South Regional Health Coordination - SRC. To collect information, a semi structured questionnaire will be employed during seven months in 2009.
This project focuses on social and character development of elementary and middle school-aged children and responds to an urgent national need that schools improve their capacity to address a range of student outcomes, including social skills, character, behavior, academic achievement and health outcomes. This study is a school-based randomized trial to evaluate the Positive Action program. The Positive Action program was designed to promote social and character development and improve behavior and school performance.
The Health Behaviors in School-age Children (HBSC) study is a consortium of investigators from 40 predominantly European and North American countries who conduct a common survey of early adolescent health behaviors every 4 years. The survey gathers information about nutrition, dieting practices, physical activity, injuries, violence, relationships with family and friends, perceptions of school as a supportive environment, alcohol and tobacco use and drug use among adolescents, and about the communities in which students live. The U.S. sponsors of the survey are the National Institutes of Health and the Health Resources and Services Administration. This is the fourth survey done in the United States. The objectives of the international HBSC study are: - To assess the prevalence of early adolescent health behaviors - To identify psychosocial factors associated with adolescent behaviors - To provide an opportunity for analyses of cross-national comparisons - To provide an opportunity for analyses of trends in the U.S. and cross-nationally In addition to the above, the survey includes additional questions designed to provide information about areas of specific national interest, including the following: - To assess the association of school, family, peers, and other environmental factors on health behavior and health status - To assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with obesity, diet and physical activity - To assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with bullying and risk behaviors. This is the fourth U.S. administration of the HBSC survey, previously administered in 1997-1998, 2001-2002, and 2005-2006. About 16,000 students in grades 5 thorough 10 at randomly selected public and private schools across the United States complete a 30- 40-minute survey. The questionnaires are anonymous; students are instructed not to put their name on the survey. When they finish the survey, they place it in an envelope and seal it. The envelopes are then put in a box. Reports do not include the names of participating counties, cities, school districts, schools, or students. The information collected from U.S. school children is compared with similar information collected from school children in 40 other countries. The survey is used to help set national priorities for school and youth programs, as well as to monitor the progress of these programs.