View clinical trials related to Violence.
Filter by:This cluster-randomized school-based study will examine the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of perpetration of teen dating violence and sexual violence among middle school male athletes. Engaging men and boys in preventing violence against women and girls is recognized by major global health organizations as a critical public health strategy. "Coaching Boys into Men" is a theory- and evidence based program intended to alter gender norms that foster teen dating violence/sexual violence perpetration, promote bystander intervention, and reduce teen dating violence/sexual violence perpetration. Coaches receive a 60-minute training and biweekly check-in from a violence prevention advocate to administer the intervention to their athletes via 12 mini-lessons conducted weekly throughout a sport season. In a randomized trial of program effectiveness among high school athletes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CE001561-01, PI Miller), male athletes receiving the program demonstrated increased positive bystander intervention behaviors and less verbal abuse perpetration compared to controls. This project seeks to test the effectiveness of this program with younger male athletes in grades 6-8.The innovations are three-fold: (1) testing the efficacy of a novel teen dating violence/sexual violence prevention program for middle school male athletes; (2) training athletic coaches in Teen Dating Violence/Sexual Violence prevention thus implementing primary prevention that does not rely on teachers or classroom time; and (3) integrating the goal of changing gender norms with the technique of a bystander intervention approach to reduce teen dating violence/sexual violence prevention. The experimental design involves a 2-armed cluster randomized- controlled trial in 41 middle schools (38 clusters) in Pennsylvania. Schools will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control (standard coaching) condition. Coaches in intervention schools will receive Coaching Boys into Men training. Baseline surveys will be collected for all intervention and control site athletes entering grades 6-8 at the start of each sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1; N= 973 athletes). Follow up surveys will be collected at the end of each sports season (Time 2). All participating athletes will be re-surveyed 12 months after baseline (Time 3).
This study evaluates exposure to California's Armed and Prohibited Persons System (APPS) and risk of future violence and other important outcome events among individuals who legally purchased firearms in the past but have since become prohibited from owning them. The main hypothesis is that APPS will be associated with a significant reduction in risk for future violence among individuals who are directly affected.
The purpose of the study is to develop a program to help people to lower their chances of being violently injured again.
The word lithium frequently conjures images of catatonic psychiatric patients and side effects so severe that premature death is commonplace. But naturally occurring lithium is a far cry from pharmaceutical grades. Found in the soil, water and certain foods, it is an essential mineral for maintaining physical and mental health. When exposure is low, suicide rates, mental illness and violent crime increase
The purpose of this study is to determine if a hospital-based violence intervention programs can make sustainable behavior changes in at-risk youth using two key components, brief intervention at the hospital bedside and case management.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a bystander intervention education program on college students' attitudes and behaviors associated with bystander intervention and sexual violence.
Youth injured by violence is a major public health concern in Canada. It is the fourth cause of death and the leading reason for a youth to visit an emergency department (ED). In Winnipeg, 20% of youth who visit an emergency department with an injury due to violence have a second visit for a subsequent violent injury within the following year. This is consistent with studies in other jurisdictions that demonstrate that violent injury is a chronic condition. Youth injured by violence are in a reflective and receptive state of mind, rendering the emergency department setting appropriate for intervention. The investigators propose a WrapAround Care model delivered by a support worker with lived experience with violence, supported by a social worker, an addictions and mental health counsellor, a family counsellor and links to multiple community partners. Support workers will be on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in order to start the intervention in the ED and take advantage of the "teachable moment". The proposed study is a pilot randomized control trial to assess the feasibility of a randomized control trial designed to assess efficacy. For the pilot trial the investigators will assess recruitment, treatment fidelity, participant adherence and safety. The intervention arm will receive wraparound care initiated at the time of their visit for injury due to violence. The control arm will receive standard of care (usually a list of community contacts). The investigators will use an adapted pre-consent randomization methodology. This intervention has been developed using a community based participatory research approach. Our team includes clinicians, nurses, social workers, community youth workers, ex-gang members, elders and researchers.
The Youth Empowerment Solutions for Positive Youth Development (YES) Study , is a randomized controlled trial that compares youth in standard after school programs offering activity choice (e.g. sports, academic enrichment, arts) to youth assigned to an after school program that includes training in community development, formation of intergenerational partnerships and experience conducting community improvement projects. The study aims are to: 1) implement and evaluate an empirically developed intervention for empowering youth (YES) using a randomized controlled trial design in a high risk urban and suburban sample; 2) test a conceptual model that posits a causal relationship from youth empowerment processes to positive developmental outcomes; and 3) follow youth over time to assess sustainability of gains in healthy development. Developmental outcomes will be assessed at baseline, curriculum completion and at three and nine months post-intervention. This study will be referred to as the Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS) in recruitment, consents, assents and promotional materials. The study compares different types of after school programs, and we will be randomly assigning students into two groups, 1) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs and 2) the "regular" 21st Century Afterschool programs with the YES supplement. We do not want to bias desirability of the random groups by naming one of the groups to be tested in the study name. Therefore, in documents we will refer to the study as the "Genesee County Afterschool Study (GCAS)." Study hypotheses: 1. Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate increased intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral empowerment than youth in the comparison group arm. 2. Youth in the YES intervention arm will demonstrate higher scores on the positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on the negative developmental outcome variables, than youth in the comparison group arm. 3. Behavioral empowerment will partially mediate the relations between intrapersonal and interactional empowerment and youth developmental outcomes, such that youth with greater intrapersonal and interactional empowerment skills will demonstrate increased behavioral empowerment, which in turn will result in higher scores on positive developmental outcome variables, and lower scores on negative developmental outcome variables.
This study is a community prevention randomized trial with three parallel groups: two intervention groups and one control group in Buenaventura and Quibdó. The aim of the trial is to evaluate the impact of two community interventions on mental health; the intervention groups are designed to decrease depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms as well as the level of dysfunctionality in Afro-Colombian victims of violence. Adult people (equal or more than 18 years old) belonging to Afro-Colombian communities in both cities will participate in the enter survey. The subjects will be selected based on the severity of symptoms, traumatic experiences and a level of dysfunction identified using the instruments of this research (i.e. those obtaining an score equal or higher than 49 in symptoms (25% of the total of symptoms)). The fieldwork and the interventions will be conducted by people belonging to the community; they are called Lay Psychosocial Community Workers (LPCW). After six (6) weeks of formal training, they will be able to perform two kinds of interventions, Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) based on a cognitive behavioral intervention and Narrative Community Group Therapy (NCGT), for the people affected by violence and displacement that were pre-selected according to the baseline instrument. The LPCW will be under the constant supervision by psychologists of the project, and under weekly supervision by a group of experts from Johns Hopkins University, the Heartland Alliance and The Institute for Research and Development in Violence Prevention and Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence Social (CISALVA) by means of phone calls or monthly visits to the cities. Selected subjects will be randomly allocated to any study branch: CETA, NCGT or the waiting control group. The study subjects will follow their allocated treatment, or waiting in the control group, for 8 to 12 weeks; then they will be re-assessed using the project instrument two weeks after the last session of therapy. The study outcome is the differences in instrument scores between the follow-up and the baseline among the interventions (CETA or NCGT) and control group. Control subjects will be assessed by the project psychologist after the follow-up, and they will receive treatment when necessary.
An Enhanced Nurse Home Visitation Program To Prevent Intimate Partner Violence; This randomized trial of an intervention to assess and prevent intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the post-partum builds upon the David Olds model of nurse home visitation (Nurse Family Partnership or NFP) for high risk mothers and infants that has shown to be effective in multiple settings in preventing child abuse and enhancing maternal and child health and psychosocial outcomes. However, prior research has shown that the NFP intervention is not as effective in homes where there is intimate partner violence (IPV). Although the NFP by itself has reduced IPV in one setting, it has not in another. The proposed study will test the efficacy of an enhanced NFP intervention, the ECI or Enhanced Choice Intervention among women referred to an existing NFP program in Portland, Oregon. The ECI is based on a choice or empowerment model whereby women can choose among interventions related to her goal for her current intimate relationship. If IPV or emotional abuse or controlling behaviors are assessed, the intervention is based on two interventions shown to be effective in assessing for and reducing repeat IPV (the Sullivan Advocacy Intervention and the McFarlane and Parker brochure driven intervention). For women desiring to enhance marital quality, the Markman and Stanley PREP model that has been shown to enhance relationship quality will be offered. The PREP model also has some preliminary evidence of preventing IPV. For women with other risk factors for IPV in their own or their partners' history (e.g. exposure to parental IPV, child abuse, substance abuse), community resource linkage (beyond referral) strategies as with the NFP model will be used to obtain community resources to address these risk factors. 250 women referred to the Multnomah County Health Department will be randomized to the experimental (NFP plus ECI) or control condition (NFP) and visited according to the regular NFP schedule during pregnancy and until the infant is 24 months old. The intervention will concentrate on the prenatal and immediate (first 6 months) post partum period with regular IPV, emotional abuse and controlling behavior assessments throughout the NFP period. Baseline and outcome measurement (CTS2, WEB, TPMI, depression - Edinborough, & parenting stress), will occur at 3 months before delivery, 9 months & 21 months post-partum with multivariate MANOVA, SEM and growth curve analyses.