View clinical trials related to Type 2 Diabetes.
Filter by:The investigators will determine whether people with high muscle mitochondrial capacity produce higher amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on consuming high fat /high glycemic diet and thus exhibit elevated cellular oxidative damage. The investigators previously found that Asian Indian immigrants have high mitochondrial capacity in spite of severe insulin resistance. Somalians are another new immigrant population with rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes. Both of these groups traditionally consume low caloric density diets, and the investigators hypothesize that when these groups are exposed to high-calorie Western diets, they exhibit increased oxidative stress, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance. The investigators will compare Somalians and NE Americans who are matched for age, BMI, and sex. The investigators will measure ROS production in skeletal muscle following high fat/high glycemic diet vs. healthy diet. The investigators will compare the oxidative damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids in these two populations following 10 days of high fat/high glycemic index diet in comparison with low fat diet. The investigators will determine if elevated levels of oxidative damage in Somali immigrant populations is accompanied by high mitochondrial capacity, higher ROS-emitting potential, and lower insulin sensitivity than NE. The proposed study will be performed utilizing the state-of-the-art proteomic and metabolomic methods many of which were recently developed in our laboratory. The investigators expect the results from this study to provide seminal insights into the underlying mechanism of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, in addition to demonstrating mechanisms by which a functional proteome is maintained in vivo.
Compared to other races, African-Americans with type 2 diabetes have different cholesterol levels, specifically triglycerides and low density lipoprotein. Recent data has shown the not only are cholesterol levels important in determining the risk for cardiovascular disease, but the size of the cholesterol particles and surface proteins on the cholesterol particles are also important. The objective of this study is to determine if African-American males with diabetes have different particle size, surface proteins, and cholesterol genetic links than African-American male without diabetes and Caucasian-American males with and without diabetes. African-American males with type 2 diabetes and not taking lipid-lowering medications are the current target population. After obtaining an informed consent, a complete medical history will be obtained and subjects will be examined, noninvasively, for physical signs of elevated cholesterol levels. Afterwards, blood samples [one venous puncture, 6 tubes (21 mL total)] will be obtained. Blood samples will be coded, sent to Berkeley Heart Lab and/or Clinical Laboratory Services, and undergo genetic testing at Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Confidentiality of the subjects will be explained in the consenting process to the subjects. All subject samples and information will be coded. Each subject will be given a subject number upon consenting and this will be used throughout the study. All pertinent information of the subjects will be listed under the designated number, but will not be associated with that patient.
The main objective of this study is to analyze the pathophysiological implications of glucagon and the incretin hormones in patients with liver disease (Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or cirrhosis) with and without diabetes compared with healthy controls. The present study will contribute significantly to the understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease and glucose metabolism. The final goal is that the results could pave the way for new treatment modalities for patients with liver disease.
The purpose of the study is to assess the safety of the addition of sitagliptin, and its effect on hemoglobin A1c (A1C) in pediatric participants 10-17 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with inadequate glycemic control. The primary hypothesis for this study is that sitagliptin reduces A1C more than placebo after 20 weeks of treatment.
Many people with diabetes and/or high blood pressure (hypertension) are not very active. When people are more active, they can reduce the chances of having a heart attack or stroke. Walking more is a cheap and effective way to be more active and to lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The problem is that many people do not walk enough! The investigators will study if people with diabetes and/or hypertension walk more when the doctor gives them a prescription with the number of steps they should be walking every day. The investigators will compare this group, called 'active', to another group, called 'control', in which doctors and their patients do what they usually do, over a period of one year. The investigators will measure the number of steps the investigators walk everyday with a step counter or pedometer. In the step count prescription group, the doctors will give to the 'active' group a pedometer, a step count record book, and step count prescriptions. The overall goal is to gradually increase daily steps. The speed of the increase in step count will be slower for less active people. At each visit the doctor will look at the step count record book. The doctor will then give a new step count prescription to the patients. Patients of the two groups will see their doctor about four times during the year, which is how often they usually see their doctor. At the end of one year, the investigators will see the difference in the hardness of the arteries between the 'active' and the 'control' groups, using simple and safe measurements, similar to ultrasound in pregnant ladies. People with hard arteries are more likely to have a heart attack or stroke. The investigators suspect that patients who get the step count prescriptions will walk more and their arteries will be less hard than the control group. Our study will help find out if this is true. In that case, doctors should take the time to prescribe steps for all their patients with diabetes and/or hypertension.
The Sponsor, Genfit, has developed a new formulation of GFT505 (60 mg). The objective is to compare the relative bioavailability between the new GFT505 formulation (capsule dosed at 60 mg GFT505) and the old GFT505 formulation (capsule dosed at 20 mg GFT505) in healthy male subjects and to assess the impact of gender on this relative bioavailability after administration in male and female subjects. Using the new formulation, a single and a multiple ascending dose study will be performed in overweight or obese male subjects otherwise healthy whose demographic and physiological characteristics are thought to be closer to those of the target population (Type 2 diabetes). Thereafter, a group of male and female patients with Type 2 diabetes will receive multiple dose administration of GFT505.
Dairy food contains a large amount of long-chain saturated fat, which traditionally has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent data indicates a more neutral role. Milk fat contains large amounts of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MC-SFA), which may have beneficial effects on human health. In addition, milk proteins and in particular whey proteins have been shown to have a beneficial effect on glucose disposal as well as anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore dairy products have a potential role in the treatment of the metabolic abnormalities of metabolic syndrome (MeS). However, human data from intervention studies are lacking. Aims of this project is to explore and understand the influence on human health of both medium-chain saturated fatty acids from milk fat and bioactive milk proteins per se as well as their interaction and potential positive synergy on the MeS. The investigators hypothesize that whey protein and medium-chain saturated fatty acids improve insulin sensitivity, postprandial lipid metabolism, blood pressure and inflammatory stress in humans and that they possess preventive effects on the risk of developing CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 64 people with MeS or abdominal obesity will be included. The design is a randomized double-blinded, controlled parallel diet-intervention trial. Subjects are assigned one of four experimental diets for 12 weeks. The diets consist of either a diet with low levels of MC-SFA + whey protein (LF + whey), a diet high in MC-SFA + whey protein (HF + whey), a diet high in MC-SFA + casein protein (HF + casein) or a diets with low levels of MC-SFA + casein protein (LF + casein). The subjects are advised how to integrate the test foods in their habitual diet, which also continues unchanged. The subjects' energy intake is matched so they are kept weight stable throughout the study.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of beta-cell dysfunction among participants with type 2 diabetes and the association between beta-cell dysfunction and demographic, clinical, and treatment variables.
The objective of this study is to determine whether ingestion of modified pasta products (Dreamfields, Miracle Noodles) result in an improvement in blood glucose concentration when compared with a traditional pasta.
The investigators hypothesis is that a carbohydrate-free diet, ingested for 3 days, results in a change in blood glucose that is similar to the change observed after 3 days of fasting.