View clinical trials related to Respiratory Aspiration.
Filter by:Pseudomonas is a common and virulent respiratory bacteria in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). With time, the infection with Pseudomonas becomes chronic and very difficult to eradicate. The standard treatment of chronic Pseudomonas infection is inhaled Tobramycin which is given every other month.. Inhalation of Tobramycin was proven as an effective treatment that improves the respiratory function and reduces the concentration of bacteria in the sputum. However, inhaled treatment lasts between 15 to 30 minutes twice a day and therefore adherence is a major problem. The effect of switching from inhalation treatment to inhaler treatment on patient's adherence and quality of life has not been studied.
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common condition affecting up to 9% of adults with serious neurocognitive, metabolic and cardiovascular consequences that has a significant impact on public health. Evidence indicates that the physiologic changes occurring during pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester, increase the risk of those women to develop SDB. As in the general population, SDB during pregnancy is more frequent among obese women. In the light of the increasing prevalence of obesity among females of reproductive age, SDB may thus have an increasingly significant impact on women's and children's health by contributing to the adverse maternal and fetal outcomes associated with maternal obesity. Only a limited amount of data is available on the consequences of maternal SDB during pregnancy. Even less information is available on the effect of maternal SDB on fetal growth and development. The current proposal is designed to specifically explore the effect of maternal SDB on fetal growth. It has been suggested that fetal growth as reflected in birth weight is a strong correlate for conditions occurring in the intrauterine environment with potential long lasting influence on a child's health. Our overall hypothesis is that the intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation and the metabolic alterations associated with maternal SDB will affect fetal growth. Using a variety of methods and a multidisciplinary approach, we will explore the following objectives: 1) The effect of maternal SDB on fetal growth ; 2) To explore mechanisms that may underlay the effect of maternal SDB on fetal growth 3) To explore the long term (first 3 years of life) effect of maternal SDB on a child's growth. The results of this study will make an important contribution to the fields of women and children's health. It will provide better insight into the mechanisms by which disrupted maternal sleep affects fetal growth. We expect that the findings from our study will enable the defining of a new treatable clinical entity or syndrome: "the infant of the gestational SDB mother", for which early diagnosis and intervention might be of major importance to the newborn infant.
This is a pilot study which will assess the feasibility of a follow on main study. This study will examine the impact of inspiratory muscle training on quality of life, rescue drug medication usage, and other markers of asthma in adult asthmatics in the UK.
The investigators hypothesized that sleeping in a 45 degrees elevated body position decreases the likelihood of upper airway vulnerability to collapse early after delivery. Furthermore, the investigators want to elucidate the anatomical and physiological risk factors that contribute in the upper airway obstruction in post-partum patients.
Previous studies have evaluated the effects of inspiratory muscle training in patiens with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction; nevertheless,no evidence endorse the therapeutic role of inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. The investigators sought to evaluate whether 12-week inspiratory muscle training improves exercise capacity (peak exercise oxygen uptake and 6-minutes walk test), as well as left ventricular diastolic function, serum biomarkers and quality of life (Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and non-reduced inspiratory muscle strength.
This will be a Phase IIIb multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, 12-week parallel group study evaluating the effects of once daily in the morning treatment of FF/VI Inhalation Powder versus Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Inhalation Powder twice daily on lung function in COPD subjects. Subjects will be screened and will enter a 2-week, single-blind (placebo), Run-In Period to evaluate the subject's adherence with study treatment, study procedures and assessment of disease stability. At the end of the Run-In Period, subjects will return to the Clinic and who meet all of the Randomization Criteria will be randomized to double-blind study medication (12-week treatment period). Subjects will be randomized to receive either FF/VI 100/25 via NDPI or Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol 250/50mcg via ACCUHALER/DISKUS. Matching placebos will be available in NDPI and ACCUHALER/DISKUS. Each morning (approximately 6-10 AM) subjects will take 1 inhalation from the NDPI followed by 1 inhalation from the ACCUHALER/DISKUS. Each evening (approximately 6-10 PM), approximately 12 hours after the morning dose with blinded study medication, subjects will take 1 inhalation from the ACCUHALER/DISKUS. Subjects will return to the clinic at the end of the treatment period. A follow-up phone contact will be performed approximately 7 days after the last clinic visit. The overall study duration (Screening to Follow-up) for each subject is approximately 15 weeks.
The objectives of this research are to compare (i) the bronchodilating and (ii) the bronchoprotective effects of deep inspirations (DIs) in individuals with: (a) asthma, (b) CVA, (c) methacholine-induced cough but normal airway sensitivity and . (d) in healthy individuals (without asthma, chronic cough or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness). Hypotheses: i. The bronchodilating effect of a DI will be: (a) absent or impaired in individuals with classic asthma; (b) impaired in individuals with CVA; (c) preserved in individuals with methacholine-induced cough but normal airway sensitivity; and (d) preserved in healthy individuals (without asthma, chronic cough or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness). ii. The bronchoprotective effect of a DI will be: (a) absent in individuals with classic asthma; (b) impaired in individuals with CVA; (c) preserved in those with methacholine-induced cough but normal airway sensitivity; and (d) preserved in healthy individuals (without asthma, chronic cough or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness). iii. Healthy individuals without asthma, chronic cough, or asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness, will not cough, or develop significant dyspnea, small airways obstruction or dynamic hyperinflation during high-dose methacholine bronchoprovocation.
To prevent bronchial aspiration during induction of anaesthesia it has been a common procedure to perform a cricoid pressure, called Sellicks Maneuver, to occlude esophagus, and thereby prevent aspiration. During the last ten years the efficiency of this maneuver has been discussed, since it probably prolong the intubation time and do not significantly reduces the risk of aspiration. The hypothesis is that Sellicks Maneuver prolong the time of intubation and reduces the view of the laryngeal inlet, during intubation with a videolaryngoscopy. The hypothesis is tested by a double-blinded randomized study where patients is intubated twice, with and without Sellicks Maneuver, in a randomized order. The specific cricoid pressure is blinded to the personal performing the intubation.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 24-hour spirometry effect (FEV1) of Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol Inhalation Powder 100/25mcg once daily compared with tiotropium bromide inhalation powder 18mcg once daily over a 12-week treatment period in subjects with COPD who have or are at risk for co-morbid cardiovascular disease
The decision to extubate a patient after acute respiratory failure is based on clinical observation and measurement of pulmonary mechanics. Current extubation criteria(tidal volume, respiratory frequency...) lack of specificity. The best way to evaluate and predict patients breathing abilities after extubation is to challenge him to a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) with endotracheal tube in place immediately before extubation to predict the patient's ability to breathe spontaneously after extubation. The intention is to approximate, while the patient is still intubated, the work of breathing that will be required of the patient after extubation. Different approaches of ventilatory settings are currently used for the preextubation SBT, whether pressure support ventilation (PSV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or spontaneous ventilation through an endotracheal tube (T piece), all supported by literature with different benefits. To the investigators knowledge, few studies define which mode of ventilation most closely approximates the work of breathing during spontaneous respiration after extubation, and none have studied a specific population of obese patient in respiratory weaning. The main objective of the investigators study is to determine, between five different SBT, which one is the best to approximate the work of breathing of obese patient after extubation.