View clinical trials related to Mental Disorder.
Filter by:A clinical study to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy of oral administration of ganaxolone in women with postpartum depression
People with serious mental illness such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder experience high rates of physical illness and die earlier than people without serious mental illness (WHO, 2005). Health differences seem to be worse among African Americans (Weber, Cowan, Millikan & Niebuhr, 2009). High rates of obesity among this group contribute to health and wellness concerns (de Hert et al., 2011), with African American women at higher risk of obesity than men. Behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs) may promote diet and physical activity that lead to weight loss, but healthy food and safe physical activity options are less available in low-income neighborhoods. Peer navigators have been found to be effective in addressing health differences, and may help people living in low-income communities find healthy food and activity resources (Fischer, Sauaia, & Kutner, 2007). In addition, traumatic experiences are common among persons with serious mental illness as well as African Americans, and may impact weight. Through this project, investigators will test two interventions designed to address overweight and obesity among African Americans with serious mental illness. The first is a BWLI designed for persons with serious mental illness and adapted to meet the needs of African Americans. This program has 8-month intervention phase and 4-month maintenance phase. The intervention includes group weight management classes, group physical activity, individual visits to address barriers to meeting weight goals, and weigh-ins. The second intervention is a peer navigator program that assists people with serious mental illness in meeting their health needs in the community. Two-hundred and seventy (270) research participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: BWLI program, BWLI program plus peer navigator, and treatment as usual (integrated physical and mental health care). Investigators will evaluate these interventions over a 12-month period, and will track weight change, health behaviors, physical and mental health, recovery, and quality of life. Investigators also seek to understand the impact of gender and trauma on outcomes. Investigators hypothesize that peer navigators will improve outcomes over the BWLI program alone. Findings will advance knowledge and services to reduce racial disparities in obesity and comorbid health conditions for African Americans with serious mental illnesses.
Despite advances in HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, Black youth account for the largest number of new HIV infections among heterosexual youth. Having a mental illness contributes to HIV/STI risk among heterosexually active Black youth, as some use sex as a means to manage psychological distress, regulate emotions and receive validation or acceptance. Current intervention models focus on cognitive-behavioral strategies to reduce risk among adolescents; however, these approaches in isolation do not address the psychopathology that further potentiates risk behaviors among adolescents with mental illnesses. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of "Project GOLD", a theoretically-driven, gender and culturally relevant, developmentally and psychologically appropriate HIV/STI risk reduction intervention on the sexual behaviors of Black male and female adolescents in Philadelphia (aged 14-17). In addition to evidence-based HIV/STI preventions strategies (e.g., role playing), Project GOLD includes unique emotion regulation content to address the relationship between psychological distress and HIV/STI risk behaviors. The research team approached and screened 704 adolescents. Eighty-two participated in the elicitation research activities (e.g., focus groups, intervention dress rehearsal). Another 173 underwent a structured demographic and mental health diagnostic interview to determine RCT eligibility. Project GOLD was then tested with 108 Black youth in comparison to a general health promotion control condition (intervention n = 52; control n = 56). Youth who were not in psychiatric treatment were also included, as the investigators hypothesized that they would also benefit from the targeted psychoeducational content; post-hoc analyses examined differences in the intervention effects based on whether or not youth were in psychiatric treatment. The intervention had high feasibility and acceptability. These findings underscore the need to encourage HIV/STI testing and risk reduction efforts among Black youth, including those with mental illnesses.
Age with Health is a longitudinal cohort study aimed to examine trajectories of health, disability and wellbeing and their determinants for Spanish ageing population. Two waves have carried out so far. Wave 1 (2011-2012) and Wave 2 (2014-2015). Wave 3 will be conducted 2018, including also a new cohort of participants (Called 2018 Cohort). The study will provide reliable measures of population ageing and adult health in Spain - and will provide the basis for cross-country comparisons with longitudinal studies conducted in other countries.
Background: Cocaine use disorders (CUD) is a complex brain disorder, involving several brain areas and neurocircuits. Effective treatments for CUD are still needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) stimulates non-invasively parts of the brain. Preliminary data suggest that rTMS may help reducing cocaine craving and consumption. Researchers want to learn how the brain and the drug-seeking behavior may change with this treatment. Objectives: To test if rTMS can reduce cocaine craving and use, and also affect several mood, behavioral and cognitive alterations associated with prolonged cocaine use. Eligibility: Healthy, right-handed adults ages 18-65 who do have cocaine use disorder (moderate to severe). Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. The study includes three phases: 1) a rTMS continued treatment phase; a rTMS follow-up; and a no rTMS follow-up. Prior to participating, participants will be screened with: - Questionnaires - Medical history - Physical exam - Urine tests - MRI (structural) After being enrolled, baseline behavioral and imaging data will be collected. In particular, participants will undergo: - Questionnaires - Functional MRI During the continued rTMS phase, participants with cocaine use disorder will be randomized to receive real or fake rTMS. Repetitive TMS will be delivered during 10 outpatient treatment days, over 2 weeks (5 days/week). Following this phase, subjects will have 12 follow-up visits (once/weekly), during which they will receive rTMS, and behavioral and imaging assessments will be performed. At the end of the rTMS follow up period, participants will further receive 3 follow up visits (once a month), during which rTMS will not be performed, but behavioral data will be collected. Treatment includes: - rTMS: A coil is placed on the head. A brief electrical current passes through the coil. At each visit, participants will receive two rTMS sessions, with a 1hr interval between sessions. At the beginning of each rTMS session, they view cocaine-related images for few minutes. - MRIs at baseline and at follow-up visit #12: Participants lie on a table that slides into a cylinder that takes pictures of the brain. They respond to images while in the scanner. - Repeat of screening tests and questionnaires - Urine toxicological screen
Vitamin D deficiency is common among otherwise healthy pregnant women and may have consequences for them as well as the early development and long-term health of their children. However, the importance of maternal vitamin D status has not been widely studied. The present study is divided into a societal experiment (1) and a case-cohort study (2): 1. The present study includes an in-depth examination of the influence of exposure to vitamin D early in life and during critical periods of growth for development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, obesity, asthma, arthritis, cancer, mental and cognitive disorders, congenital disorders, dental caries and bone fractures during child- and adulthood. The study is based on the fact that mandatory fortification of margarine with vitamin D, which initiated in 1937, was terminated in 1985. Apart from determining the influences of exposure prior to conception and during pre- and postnatal life, the investigators examined the importance of vitamin D exposure during specific seasons and trimesters, by comparing disease incidence among individuals born before and after the fortification. 2. Additionally, a validated method was used to determine neonatal vitamin D status using stored dried blood spots (DBS) from individuals who develop the aforementioned disease entities as adults and their time and gender-matched controls. Unparalleled, the study will help determine the effects of vitamin D exposure during critical periods in life. There are a sufficient number of individuals to verify any effects during different gestation phases and seasons of the year. The results, which will change our current understanding of the significance of vitamin D, will enable new research in related fields, including interventional research designed to assess supplementation needs for different subgroups of pregnant women. Also, other health outcomes can subsequently be studied to generate multiple new interdisciplinary health research opportunities involving vitamin D.
Young adults who do not successfully transition from compulsory education to upper secondary level are at increased risk of developing mental illness, as compared with their working peers. The causality is unclear: they are either unable to find a job due to a pre-existing mental illness, or their failure in finding a job has contributed to the mental illness. The Zurich University of Applied Sciences has developed an innovative intervention that includes psychotherapeutic support in a work integration programme. Recognising and treating mental illness early increases the chances of a successful transition to the labour market.
The study's goal is to evaluate whether home treatment is an effective and efficient alternative to inpatient care for people with acute mental illness. Patients who meet the study's inclusion criteria are randomly assigned to either the condition home treatment or inpatient care (treatment-as-usual), during one year. Following two years, the two treatment modalities will be analyzed in terms of inpatient days, cost effectiveness, rehospitalization rate, severity of symptoms and sociodemographics.
This study will enroll 100 Samoan and 100 Marshallese adults to discuss mental health, mental disorders, and approaches for engaging Pacific Islander adults with mental illness into mental health services.
Pragmatic randomized clinical trial, single-blind, with allocation 2:1 [Intervention Group (IG) and control group (CG)] in 5 acute hospitals. The IG will receive telephone assistance to quit smoking (including psychological and psycho-educational support and pharmacological treatment advice, if required) proactively for 12 months, and the CG only brief counselling after discharge. To assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent and motivational intensive telephone-based intervention to stop smoking ("quit line") addressed to smokers with mental disorders discharged from hospitals.