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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT03460574
Other study ID # 2017-39k
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date October 14, 2017
Est. completion date August 21, 2018

Study information

Verified date August 2018
Source Philipps University Marburg Medical Center
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Research has shown that people suffering from MDD tend to maintain dysfunctional expectations despite experiences that disconfirm expectations. Recently, it has been shown that this persistence of expectations is due to maladaptive information processing involving "cognitive immunization". This experimental study aims at testing three different strategies to inhibit cognitive immunization, in order to enhance expectation change.


Description:

It appears adaptive to change one's expectations when continuously gaining expectation-disconfirming experiences; however, research has shown that people suffering from MDD have difficulty in changing their expectations after experiences that disconfirm expectations. Recently, the investigators have shown that this persistence of expectations is due to maladaptive information processing involving "cognitive immunization", defined as a cognitive reappraisal of expectation-disconfirming experiences in such a way that the individual's expectations are maintained. In view of psychotherapeutic interventions aiming to modify patients' dysfunctional expectations, effective strategies to inhibit cognitive immunization strategies need to be identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different immunization-inhibiting strategies with regard to their effectivity in enhancing expectation change. For this purpose, the investigators use a standardized experimental paradigm, which was developed and validated in a previous study.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 135
Est. completion date August 21, 2018
Est. primary completion date April 30, 2018
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria:

- current diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder

- at least 18 years old

- sufficient German language knowledge

Exclusion Criteria:

- none

Study Design


Intervention

Behavioral:
INFORMATION
After receiving expectation-disconfirming positive performance feedback, participants receive standardized information that stresses the relevance of this experience. In particular, participants are told that the performance test they worked on is highly relevant for both professional success and personal life satisfaction.
SALIENCE
After receiving expectation-disconfirming positive performance feedback, partcipants in this condition are instructed to remember how well they performed on the performance test. Using a visual analogue scale, they were asked to specify how they performed relative to the other participants.
ATTENTION
Before working on the performance test, participants are instructed to pay attention to the feedback they receive. In particular, they are asked to enter what would be a personally good result for them. It is supposed that this shift of attention increases the salience of the expectation-disconfirming feedback.
CONTROL
This group does not receive any further intervention. Instead, participants of this group pass through the standard procedure of the EXPEC paradigm.

Locations

Country Name City State
Germany Schoen Klinik Bad Arolsen Bad Arolsen Hessen

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Philipps University Marburg Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Germany, 

References & Publications (1)

Kube T, Rief W, Gollwitzer M, Glombiewski JA. Introducing an EXperimental Paradigm to investigate Expectation Change (EXPEC). J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;59:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.12.002. Epub 2017 Dec 12. — View Citation

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Performance Expectations Scale - generalized Change from Baseline to Postassessment in generalized performance expectations Directly prior to the performance test and directly after completing the performance test
Secondary Performance Expectations Scale - task-specific Change from Baseline to Postassessment in task-specific performance expectations Directly prior to the performance test and directly after completing the performance test
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