View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The influence of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance on the effects of antiviral therapy for HCV remains unclear. The aim of the present study was (1) To elucidate the clinical and virological factors associated with sustained viral response in patients with combination therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin. (2) To clarify the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance test (IGT) and insulin resistance (IR) on the HCV response to combination therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin. (3) To test the influence of combination therapy on HOMA IR
This study investigates the degree of improvement in insulin resistance and features of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic overweight or obese subjects after training in a low-intensity, moderate-intensity or non-aerobic exercise program, as well as self-initiated exercise behavior after the assigned exercise program.
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a condition that manifests as high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) during pregnancy in previously healthy women. It develops as a result of increased maternal body's resistance to insulin - a major hormone that allows for utilisation of glucose (sugar taken in with food) within cells. It was found out that GDM occurs more frequently in overweight women but also in women with a history of certain conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Usually, GDM disappears after pregnancy is completed but it is associated with some serious hazards for women and her unborn child, if untreated properly. Diet is a first-choice treatment but sometimes insulin therapy must be initiated if keeping a diet alone is not enough to maintain blood sugar within recommended values. Insulin therapy is effective but it requires several injections during each day and insulin is a strong acting hypoglycemic agent that may induce rapid falls in blood sugar, also dangerous for mother and unborn child. In the investigators study, the investigators would like to investigate if metformin that is a commonly used hypoglycemic drug can be effectively used for GDM treatment. Metformin has been used successfully for a long time to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and PCOS and, according to current data, it is not dangerous neither for mother nor for baby when used during gestation.
The main purposes of this study are to find out if the study drug losartan (Cozaar) or placebo ("sugar pill") has an effect on insulin sensitivity (how your body responds to insulin) and to measure the effect of the study drug losartan or placebo on how the arteries in your arm dilate (enlarge to carry more blood). We hope to learn if taking losartan changes the amount of certain proteins in the blood that effect blood vessel function. Losartan is approved by the US FDA to treat high blood pressure. It will take approximately 4 months for you to complete this study.
Many hospitalized patients who are malnourished or not eating receive intravenous feeding or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Despite improving nutrition, TPN may increase the risk of infections and hospital complications. We do not know why TPN increases hospital complications, but it may be caused by the high sugar or fat content in TPN solutions.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of insulin resistance on brain function in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS affected women will be evaluated prior to and following 4-month treatment with Metformin. Additionally, brain function in women with PCOS will be compared to the brain activity in normal control subjects with regular menstrual cycles.
A large and growing segment of the population is prediabetic. Dietary interventions that improve insulin sensitivity may be important in preventing the progression to full-blown diabetes in these individuals. Foods and dietary compounds that increase insulin sensitivity are likely to help maintain a healthier body composition. This pilot study will provide data to evaluate the role of dietary plant polyphenols in improving insulin sensitivity.
The primary objective of this randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to determine whether treatment with metformin enhances insulin sensitivity in a group of ethnically diverse obese insulin-resistant adolescents with normal glucose tolerance.
Employees in developed societies are becoming increasingly sedentary at work and at home due to technological advances. Physical inactivity coupled with excess intake of calorie-rich foods are responsible for the epidemic of obesity. In population cohorts, physical inactivity and obesity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Because of the impact on productivity and health care costs, many businesses and other organizations have initiated "wellness" programs, often with facilities at the work site to encourage exercise. Although these programs have often resulted in improved fitness for participants, weight loss has been more difficult to achieve. In this regard, in our initial study of NIH employees participating in NHLBI's Keep the Beat program--two-thirds of whom were overweight or obese--we found improved exercise fitness after 3 months of participation, with exercise averaging 20 minutes each work day, but no significant weight loss. Associated with greater fitness in our participants was improvement in endothelial function, an important biomarker of cardiovascular risk. Because level of fitness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular (and total) mortality in population studies, some investigators and thought leaders have proposed that it is acceptable to be "fat and fit." We found in our study, however, that exercise alone has little effect on insulin sensitivity and other biomarkers of risk, including C-reactive protein, which could limit further improvement in endothelial function and even greater risk reduction. We propose to test in this protocol whether weight loss through supervised nutritional counseling and daily exercise at worksite facilities confers health benefits beyond those achieved with improved fitness alone, such as improvement in endothelial function, arterial compliance, insulin sensitivity, markers of inflammation in blood and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and function. Because obesity in a sedentary workforce environment is especially prevalent among women, with additional contribution of menopause to obesity, our study will be restricted to overweight and obese women to allow appropriate analysis in a cohort of manageable size for our testing resources. The primary endpoint will be differential improvement in endothelial function, as determined by brachial artery reactivity to shear stress, from baseline to 6 months in participants randomized to exercise coupled with weight-loss intervention versus subjects randomized to exercise alone. Secondary analyses will include comparisons of adiposity, arterial stiffness, insulin sensitivity, HDL subparticles and function, and markers of inflammation and adipokines in blood, with exploratory analyses of minorities and age/hormonal interactions. Demonstration of improved vascular function and other biomarkers of cardiovascular risk with improved fitness combined with weight loss may serve as an incentive for greater participation in organization-initiated wellness programs with emphasis both on exercise and on personalized nutritional counseling.
Insulin resistance is common in people coinfected with HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is associated with poor responses to treatment for HCV. Pioglitazone is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. The purpose of this study is to determine whether treatment with pioglitazone prior to HCV treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin is safe and effective in improving the treatment outcome in insulin-resistant, HIV/HCV-coinfected people for whom previous treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin was unsuccessful.