View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Childhood obesity is one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21st century (Daniels et al., 2009). Mexico has the highest prevalence of obesity, (Secretaría de Salud, 2009); 34.4% of children and 35% of adolescents are overweight or obese (ENSANUT 2012). Obesity has major health consequences for children and adolescents; On the other hand, undernutrition as well has important deleterious consequences on children's health. Anything that disrupts energy balance may cause individuals to be underweight, overweight or obese. Fat has been considered an endocrine organ for some time (Elizondo, 2011). Recently, skeletal muscle has been shown to function as a peripheral endocrine organ by releasing myokines, (Pedersen, 2012). Most recently, a new identified hormone secreted by muscle tissue in mouse, irisin, has been discovered. Irisin acts on white adipose cells in culture and in vivo to stimulate UCP1 expression and a broad program of brown-fat-like development. Irisin was induced with exercise in mice and humans which caused an increase in energy expenditure in mice with no changes in movement or food intake (Boström et al., 2012). Irisin was thus, promptly hypothesized as a hormone influencing body weight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, among other conditions (Sanchis-Gomar et al., 2012). Some studies have indicated that circulating levels of irisin in humans correlate positively with anthropometric parameters such as BMI, fat mass, fat free mass, and are higher in obese patients compared to lean ones (Stengel et al., 2013; Huh et al., 2012; Roca-Rivada et al., 2013; Crujeiras et al., 2014; Pardo, 2014). Studies have shown an association between irisin levels, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (Park et al., 2013; de la Iglesia et al., 2014; Crujeiras et al., 2014; Pardo et al., 2014). However, some others have found a negative correlation with anthropometric parameters, finding lower irisin levels in obese patients (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013). Noteworthy, all these studies have been performed in adults. To date, there are only two studies evaluating irisin levels in children. One found that a 1-year long lifestyle intervention program was associated with an elevation in irisin levels in obese children, although no correlation was found between irisin levels and anthropometric markers (Blüher et al., 2014). The other study investigated normal weight Saudi children and found correlations between circulating irisin and glucose and HDLc, but a negative association with insulin resistance (Al-Daghri et al, 2014). Besides, associations between irisin levels and adiponectin, leptin and resistin in the set of obesity have been explored, the three of them are implicated in the physiopatology of obesity. As there are still conflicting data regarding the association of irisin with anthropometric parameters, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as its 'association with other adiponectines, and most important, there is scarce data of these associations in children, the objective of this study will be to correlate the circulating irisin and adipokines levels across a broad spectrum of body mass index ranging from undernourished to obese as well as with insulin resistance and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in Hispanic children. The sample size with statistical power for this study yielded a sample of 40 children. Frozen stored plasma (-80°C) will be taken from a previous study performed in children which has been published (Elizondo-Montemayor et al., 2014). The samples will be divided into five groups, 8 per group, according to the CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics body mass index percentile classification: 1.) underweight = <3 percentile; 2.) normal weight = >3 - < 85 percentile; 3.) Overweight = >85 - < 95 percentile, and 4.) obese = > 95 percentile. The fifth group will correspond to children with known metabolic syndrome according to the classification specified by Cooks et al (2008). Anthropometric measurements will include BMI, percentile BMI, waist circumference, % body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and triceps skin fold. Biochemical measurements will include glucose, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol (LDL), high-density cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides. Clinical measurements will include blood pressure, physical activity records and dietary habits. All biochemical, anthropometric and clinical measurements were previously performed in a former published study (Elizondo-Montemayor et al., 2014). Irisin, adiponectin and leptin will be measured in plasma media using commercial ELISA kits.
Trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1) is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid present in small quantities in foods, most notably in dairy products. Observational evidence suggests a positive association between trans-C16:1 and insulin sensitivity, and negative association with risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus [1-3]. Cis-palmitoleic acid (cis-C16:1) is found naturally in foods and is particularly high in macadamia nuts and oil extracted from the sea buckthorn plant. Animal models suggest that this palmitoleic acid isomer also improves insulin sensitivity and reduces metabolic dysfunction. This pilot dosing study is necessary to inform the design of a larger trial to test the hypothesis that both trans-C16:1 and cis-C16:1 improve insulin resistance but at different doses. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles will be used as the primary outcome measure.
In animals, treatment with vitamin B3 improved insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism. It is currently not know if vitamin B3 has the same positive effects in humans. In the current study the effect of a 3 month treatment with vitamin B3 on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism in obese men will be investigated.
This study evaluates the feasibility and metabolic effects of implementing a structured exercise program in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Participants will be randomized to either 75 minutes of vigorous exercise or 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
To determine if consumption of different diet plans that both are nutritionally-adequate and provide energy to maintain body weight, alters fasting insulin concentrations, shifts other common clinical markers of metabolic disease risk, and affects metabolomic profiles that reflect glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism.
Aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of Armolipid Plus on insulin sensitivity in patients with MetS and increased LV mass. 168 patients will be enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial and treated for 24 weeks.
Insulin resistance is a key reaction to surgery and trauma and reflects the degree of metabolic stress. With greater degree of insulin resistance the development of complications increase, in particular infectious complications. The aim of this study is to determine if robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy induces less insulin resistance compared to abdominal hysterectomy. Insulin resistance is measured by the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp method. In addition inflammatory factors and clinical recovery will be measured.
HMG co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly called statins, are an effective treatment for dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic heart disease with proven mortality benefit. While the lipid-lowering effects of statins are well-known, other metabolic effects, including effects on glucose tolerance and ectopic fat distribution, are less completely understood. Recent studies have shown that some statins may increase the risk of diabetes. Further, research has suggested that statins may have some benefit in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition associated with obesity that includes increased fat in the liver (steatosis) and, in some cases, inflammation and hepatocellular damage (steatohepatitis). Pitavastatin, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, is the most recent statin to enter the market. Unlike most statins, pitavastatin is not primarily metabolized through cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and thus has reduced potential for interactions with other medications that are metabolized by CYP450. Previous studies have suggested that pitavastatin may be neutral to glucose homeostasis and may improve hepatic lipid. Neither of these effects has been proven definitively, however, and the current proposal aims to characterize in detail the effects of pitavastatin on glucose homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, and steatohepatitis.
- Phthalate is an endocrine disrupting chemical, which works as an anti-androgenic agent. - Phthalate is mainly used as PVC plasticizer and easily found in commonly used products such as electronic device, paint, lubricant, surfactant, medical supplies, spray etc. Especially, PVC blood bag used for blood transfusion have been reported to have high level of phthalate concentration. - Previous studies reported that urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites and HOMA (Homeostatic model assessment, indicator of insulin resistance) has positive association. - Previous studies also reported negative associations between urinary phthalate concentration and pulmonary function. - Exposure to phthalates occurs mainly through oral route. Food wrapping with phthalate containing package material is expected to be one of the major contributor for phthalate exposure. - In this present trial, the investigators are to examine whether increased phthalate exposure by consuming beverage stored in PVC containing packing materials actually effect insulin resistance, pulmonary function and epigenetic feature. - For this aim, the investigators will conduct a cross-over trial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a bakery product enriched with dietary fibre and L-carnitine on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in overweight patients with or without metabolic syndrome.