View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:Obesity is a major problem worldwide, and it is related to abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a dietary supplement containing probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420) and/or prebiotic (Litesse) on change in body fat mass in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. The supplement is ingested once per day for the duration of six months, and participants will attend a follow-up visit one month after the end of the intervention. The study will enroll 232 participants (58 per study arm) in four research centers in southern Finland.
Surgery is a stress on the body and recovering well after surgery is very important to patients and their doctors. It is therefore important to prepare patient's bodies for the stress of surgery, and one way to do this is to provide proper nutrition. In the past, patients were asked to prepare for surgery by fasting from midnight before surgery. Today, it is known that this practice is not beneficial to patient's recovery. In fact, it has been recognized that drinking a sugary beverage (e.g., juice) before surgery stimulates the production of insulin, which is a hormone that helps make the proteins needed for wound healing after surgery. This is currently practiced at the MUHC. It might also be beneficial, however, to drink a beverage that contains sugar and whey proteins (a protein isolated from milk) before surgery. In fact, whey proteins stimulate insulin and may also have the added benefit of improving muscular strength. In this study, investigators will measure the level of insulin produced after drinking a carbohydrate (i.e., sugar)-whey protein beverage to determine how it compares to the level of insulin produced after drinking the sugary beverage used at the MUHC.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of L-arabinose and D-xylose in a sugar-rich drink on intestinal sucrase activity in healthy volunteers by measuring postprandial blood glucose and insulin, and selected intestinal hormonal responses to increasing doses of L-arabinose and D-xylose.
This study is being done to understand metformin's mechanisms of action regarding glucose production, protein metabolism, and mitochondrial function.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of hyperinsulinemia and postprandial changes in plasma glucose and lipids concentrations on the endothelial function together with other metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in healthy subjects. Hypothesis: Different changes in endothelial function to acute in vivo induced hyperinsulinemia and after the meal test will be found in patients with T2D compared to healthy subjects. A significant relationships between insulin sensitivity, selected adipokines intramyocellular fat content, hepatic fat content and high energy phosphates in soleus muscle will be documented in both groups.
STUDY QUESTION: Which of the four abnormally elevated androgen groups (total testosterone [TT], androstenedione [A4], free androgen index [FAI], or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]) present with an unfavorable metabolic and hormonal profile, appear to be more insulin-resistant and pose additional cardiovascular risk? SUMMARY ANSWER: Subjects with excess free androgen index tend to be obese and face the highest metabolic syndrome risk, adipocytokine alterations, insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk. The excess TT group presents with a marginal IR risk, while the excess A4 group has the highest antimüllerian hormone (AMH), and may counterbalance obesity; this group and the excess DHEA-S group have a favorable association with IR.
The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effects of dairy product consumption on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in men and women at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who habitually consume beverages high in sugar (non-diet sodas and fruit juice cocktails).
The prevalence of obesity in the developed world has increased markedly over the last 20 years. Considering the prevalence of obese and overweight adult subjects, and the fact that pregnancy itself induces a state of insulin resistance and inflammation, maternal obesity may be the most common health risk for the developing fetus. It is well established that what we eat has a major impact on our health. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that diet during pregnancy and lactation may be particularly important as not only does it influence the health of the mother, it may have a permanent effect on the health of her children and even her grandchildren. The concept that environmental factors, such as nutrition during early development, influence both our health span and lifespan has been termed the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. The objective of the study are: - to compare subjects with frailty (condition developed with ageing) with controls and characterize the unhealthy aged condition with the measurements described below - to examine if signs of frailty can be reversed by lifestyle induced modifications (exercise training programme) of its primary components (IR, sarcopenia, psychological profile) in offspring of overweight/obese (OOM) vs lean mothers (OLM). The study consists of 37 frail old subjects, age ≥ 65 sub-grouped in 17 OOM, and 20 OLM and 11 non frail controls. These subjects will be studied with positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) and ultra sounds (US). In addition functional MRI (fMRI) will be performed. Adipose tissue biopsies will be taken. Subjects will undergo characterization of biohumoral markers, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, imaging biomarkers (PET/CT, US, fMRI-MRS), genetic biomarkers (DNA and telomere damage) and inflammatory biomarkers (macrophage infiltration) before and after the 4-month lifestyle intervention period (physical exercise). By PET/CT it will be measured tissue-specific IR in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, myocardium and targeted brain regions. MRS will be used to measure organ steatosis in the skeletal muscle and liver, MRI will be used to measure fat masses in abdominal areas, and fMRI will be performed to assess activation in brain regions regulating cognition and appetite/energy control. US will be used to assess cardiovascular markers (IMT, strain and function).
The purpose of this study is to learn more about what is the effect of uric acid on oxidative stress and on the way the body metabolizes sugar in obese people. Understanding this may lead to better diseases such as diabetes.
Diabetes is a major public health problem. Hispanics/Latinos are known to be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes. The function of the endothelium has played a key role in the understanding of vascular complications in people with diabetes. Endothelial function and vascular reactivity are impaired not only in white adults with type 2 diabetes but also in those at risk for the disease by virtue of having impaired glucose tolerance or parental history of type 2 diabetes. Whether this finding is applicable to hispanics is not known. The investigators plan to assess the endothelial function and vascular reactivity in young Hispanic adults at risk of developing type 2 diabetes by virtue of being obese and belonging to a minority population.