View clinical trials related to Insulin Resistance.
Filter by:The overarching goal of this proposal is to determine whether DNA methylation of the mitochondrial DNA impairs mitochondrial function in insulin resistant states such as overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The investigators will test the hypothesis that reducing insulin doses using a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) will be associated with with improved insulin sensitivity (Aim 1) and blood vessel health (Aim 2).
It has been suggested that the actual obesity epidemy is related to chronic overconsumption of added or free sugars. The increasing popularity of artificial sweeteners attest the population willingness to reduce added sugars intake and to use alternatives to alleviate health impact of free sugar overconsumption. However, recent findings suggest that artificial sweeteners may rather contribute to obesity epidemy and its associated adverse health effects, potentially via a negative impact on gut microbiota. It has been shown in various studies that, for the same amount of sucrose, unrefined sugars (such as maple syrup) are associated with favorable metabolic effects. The polyphenols contained in maple syrup, especially lignans, could contribute to these positive effects. Indeed, the strong impact of those biomolecules on the modulation of gut microbiota and on gastro-intestinal and metabolic health has been demonstrated in several studies. It is therefore highly relevant to test the hypothesis that the substitution of refined sugar by an equivalent amount of maple syrup (5% of daily energy intake) result in a lesser metabolic deterioration, by the modulation of maple syrup on gut microbiota, than the one observed with refined sugar.
This study tests the effects of cannabinoid levels in blood on inflammation and insulin sensitivity both acutely and chronically in individuals across the weight spectrum. To that end, the study employs two observational designs: 1) A study of acute effects with intermittent cannabis users and 2) A study in which current cannabis users will select one of three cannabis strains for four weeks and are compared to a matched control group who do not use cannabis to study chronic effects. Blood levels of THC and CBD, inflammatory biomarkers, and insulin resistance will be measured in both studies.
The investigators believe that the emerging epidemiological evidence connecting topical use of corticosteroids to the development of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis point to potentially massive, yet clinically unacknowledged problems associated with topical corticosteroid treatment. Using state-of-the-art methodology, the present study will delineate the impact of topical corticosteroid use on insulin sensitivity and bone turnover markers in patients with atopic dermatitis and, thus, provide important data that may have implications for millions of people using topical corticosteroids.
The investigators are studying the impact of insulin resistance on the acceleration of brain aging and testing whether increased neuron insulin resistance can be counteracted by utilization of alternate metabolic pathways (e.g., ketones rather than glucose). This study has three Arms, which together provide synergistic data. For all three Arms, subjects are tested in a within-subjects design that consists of 2-3 testing sessions, 1-14 days apart, and counter-balanced for order. Impact of fuel (glucose in one session, ketones in the other) on brain metabolism and associated functioning is measured during each session. For Arms 1-2, the primary experimental measure is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is used to trace the self-organization of functional networks following changes in energy supply and demand. Arm 1 tests the impact of endogenous ketones produced by switching to a low carbohydrate diet, while Arm 2 tests the impact of exogenous ketones consumed as a nutritional supplement. For Arm 3, simultaneous magnetic resonance spectroscopy/positron-emission tomography (MR/PET) is used to quantify the impact of exogenous ketones on production of glutamate and GABA, key neurotransmitters. Subjects will be given the option to participate in more than one of the Arms, but doing so is not expected nor required. Prior to scans, subjects will receive a clinician-administered History and Physical (H&P), which includes vital signs, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the comprehensive metabolic blood panel. These will be used to assess diabetes, kidney disease, and electrolytes. If subjects pass screening, they will be provided the option to participate in one or more Arms, which include neuroimaging. To provide a quantitative measure of time-varying metabolic activity throughout the scan, based upon quantitative models of glucose and ketone regulation, as well as to be able to implement safety stopping rules (see below), the investigators will obtain pin-prick blood samples three times: prior to the scan, following consumption of the glucose or ketone drink, and following completion of the scan. To assess effects of increased metabolic demand, the investigators measure brain response to cognitive load, transitioning from resting-state to spatial reasoning through a spatial navigation video task. To assess effects of increased metabolic supply, the investigators measure brain response to glucose or ketone bolus.
There is evidence that genistein present in soy can improve insulin resistance in rodents and humans with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is not known if this improvement is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. In the present study, the investigators show that the consumption of genistein for 2 months could have an effect on insulin resistance in subjects with MetS. This effect will be accompanied by a modification of the gut microbiota taxonomy. As a consequence, there will be a reduction in metabolic endotoxemia accompanied by an increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and the expression of genes of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle.
Regulation of mitochondrial health in overweight and obese individuals may be impaired. The purpose of this study is to identify impairments in regulation of mitochondrial health within skeletal muscle and to determine if short-term exercise training (2-weeks) can reverse such impairments. The investigator's hypothesis is that pathways that serve to degrade poorly functioning mitochondria in overweight and obese individuals are down-regulated, but that short-term exercise training can restore these pathways to improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
investigate beneficial effect of an herbal tea prepared from carob pulp and pods (Ceratonia siliqua), anise seed (Pimpinella Anisum L), wild thyme, green tea and eucalyptus leaves with Manuka honey (natural sweetener) on lipid profile and insulin resistance, CRP (C-reactive protein), CBC (complete blood count), liver function test, kidney function tests, inflammation and anthropometric indices in adults living in Amman Jordan
The growing population of adolescents with insulin resistance (IR) is predicted to create a large public health burden in the next few decades. This study examines the function of brain blood vessels and cognitive function, to test if increasing severity of IR in adolescents is related to reduced cognitive function and reduced brain blood vessel function. Findings from this study may help create treatments to delay or prevent some of the negative effects of IR on cognitive and vascular health.