View clinical trials related to Inflammation.
Filter by:Several free fatty acids receptors (FFARs) have been discovered. These have been implicated in metabolic processes and inflammation. Consequently, these receptors have attracted interest as targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including obesity and T2D. Two of these FFARs (FFAR1, FFAR4), which is activated by specific free fatty acids (FFAs), is expressed on enteroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta-cells and adipocytes. They have been linked to 1) increased GLP-1 secretion and hence the incretin-mediated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and suppression of glucagon secretion, 2) a direct positive effect on GSIS, 3) reduced inflammation and 4) improved insulin sensitivity. These functions and the abundance of fatty acids in food suggests that FFARs can be considered as nutrient sensing regulators of metabolism. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), frequently results in immediate beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and often complete remission of T2D. This may in part be explained by increased GLP-1 levels after surgery. It appears that the effect depends on nutrient delivery directly to the lower parts of the small intestine. It is possible that the RYGB effects are partly due to enteroendocrine stimulation of FFAR1 and perhaps FFAR4 by direct nutrient delivery, i.e. FFA release in the lower intestines. Pinolenic acid from pine nuts has been shown to be a potent dual FFAR1/FFAR4 agonist. Based on these findings the investigators have planned a number of human intervention studies in order to investigate 1) the optimal oral formulation of pine nut oil 2) whether it is possible to mimic the beneficial effects observed after RYGB, 2) if it is possible to increase meal-related GLP-1 secretion by stimulating FFAR1/FFAR4 on enteroendocrine cells causing improved GSIS and increased satiety and 3) enhancement of GSIS by directly stimulating FFAR1 (and perhaps FFAR4) on beta-cells.
This study is to compare the safety and efficacy of UCMSCs and BMMSCs administered intravenously in patients to evaluate cytokine suppression in patients with chronic inflammation. Cells administered via intravenous infusion (IV) and will be tested in 37 patients in two phases (Pilot and Randomized).
The aim is to map the inflammatory response after surgery and further investigate the mechanisms by which inflammation is regulated. The inflammatory cascade is pivotal in protecting organisms against invading pathogens and in enabling healing of damaged tissues, yet the cascade itself may be harmful to the organism when excessive (e g septic chock). The increased immune-reactivity after trauma, such as surgery, is furthermore associated with post-operative declines in memory and learning capacity, a condition likely related to the notion of "sickness behavior". The effects on the brain after surgery and the associated neuro-immune crosstalk will now be investigated with focus on changes in immune reactivity in peripheral blood after surgery.
In this study, the investigators will investigate and characterize acute medical patients in order to optimize patient courses in the acute care departments, especially with regard to polypharmacy and undernourishment. In addition, the investigators will investigate underlying immunological mechanisms of chronic inflammation and biological aging in this population to improve the current knowledge and possibilities for preventing chronic diseases and acute hospitalization.
Study should demonstrate that alkaline phosphatase reduces the incidence and extent of acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as defined by the AKIN criteria.
The overall goals of this study are to examine the relationship between chronic inflammation and threat and reward sensitivity, and to determine the effects of acute inflammation on threat sensitivity, in individuals with and without moderate to severe PTSD symptoms. The investigators will first conduct an observational study to examine the relationship between chronic inflammation and neural and behavioral measures of threat sensitivity. Then, the investigators will conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects study to examine the effects of acute inflammation on neural and behavioral measures of threat sensitivity.
Third molar (wisdom teeth) extraction is one of the most frequent intervention in dentistry. Nevertheless, little is known about the level of general body inflammation of subjects with impacted or semi-impacted third molars. Moreover, The possible effects of surgical removal of wisdom teeth on the overall health are not known. Thus, a study in which 40 subjects has been designed. Twenty subjects were affected by bilateral wisdom tooth pathology necessitating for extraction of both teeth. Control group comprised 20 subjects with absence of wisdom teeth or completely erupted wisdom teeth without pathology associated to or history of previous extraction of both wisdom teeth. In both groups a medical and dental examination will be performed at the baseline and 3 months after baseline for the control group or after the second third molar extraction in the control group. Blood will be also withdrawn to assess systemic inflammation and other systemic parameters. Parameter were evaluated via high sensitive c reactive protein (CRP), lipids, fibrinogen, oxidative stress and endothelial function analysis.
This phase II trial studies how well nivolumab with or without varlilumab works in treating patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas that have come back (recurrent) or do not respond to treatment (refractory). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as varlilumab and nivolumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread.
The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate allergen-induced nasal airway inflammation following nasal application of felis domesticus, or cat, extract in e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers.
The investigator's main objective is to analyze the effects of a routine prenatal care screening tool (glucola test for gestational diabetes) on maternal inflammation through assessment of maternal circulatory biomarkers and blood pressure. Improving knowledge about routine prenatal care and how a variety of screening factors affect maternal physiology allows the investigators to be educated and informed when caring for mothers with medical co-morbidities. - Determine if an acute glucose load (50g) is associated with an in-vivo and in-vitro increase in the concentration of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEP's) that, in turn, can impact vascular endothelial reactivity and induce an acute increase in blood pressure. Previous studies generated in the investigators' laboratory showed that circulating soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a (mediator of acute inflammation) are considered markers of the extent of maternal RAGE activation and/or systemic inflammation, respectively. - Determine how an acute glucose load (50g) at the time of normal screening for gestational diabetes induces an acute increase in the level of sRAGE and TNF-a. If the investigators' hypothesis is confirmed, the investigators will have strong confirmation of the involvement of glycation products and TNF-a in generating the acute negative clinical symptoms of women experiencing a glucose tolerance test, such as headache, nausea, sweating, and bloating.