View clinical trials related to Diet.
Filter by:The maintenance of health and the progression of disease are associated with an individual's genetic make-up and environmental factors, including lifestyle choices (such as diet, exercise, behaviors, stressors, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use), environmental exposures and socioeconomic determinants. Environmental factors have been shown to influence, sometimes rapidly, epigenetic processes thereby influencing genetic expression. Regulation of the human genome by the epigenome is now regarded as a cornerstone, heritable, physiologic process, playing a key role in phenotypic expression of health and disease. DNA methylation is a well-researched, primary epigenetic process. Aberrant DNA methylation resulting in hyper- or hypomethylated regions of the genome, generally results in inhibition or expression of certain genes and has been associated with the pathogenesis of numerous conditions, ranging from inflammation and accelerated aging, to cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, heart disease, dementia, allergic disease, posttraumatic stress disease and others. Likewise, certain healthy diet and lifestyle habits have been demonstrated to favorably influence DNA methylation patterns. Understanding that environmental factors can potently and sometimes rapidly, favorably or negatively influence epigenetic expression, a short-term diet and lifestyle intervention may significantly augment DNA methylation expression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a 9-week diet and lifestyle intervention on patient-reported quality of life, symptoms, and DNA and biochemical methylation-related biomarkers in healthy males ages 50-72.
Dietary antioxidants might protect from the development of chronic diseases by reducing levels of oxidative stress. The investigators therefore investigated the effect of dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity, which measures interactions between antioxidants in the whole diet, on the risk of 1) myocardial infarction and 2) osteoarthritis.
To obtain up-to-date data on nutrient intakes in adults, a national dietary survey - the EU Menu study will be conducted during 12 consecutive months in 2017/2018, providing data on the consumption of foods and enabling the assessment of energy and macronutrient intakes. Participating subjects will be invited to NUTRIHEALTH study for assessment for micronutrient status (focusing into vitamin D, folic acid, vitamin B12, and iron) and medical examination, in which thyroid size will be aslo measured, to investigated thyroid epidemiology in Slovenia.
Enrollment of a population-based, prospective cohort of 3298 stroke-free adults was completed in 2001 and annual follow-up has continued since then. This collaborative study is the first prospective cohort study among whites, blacks and Caribbean Hispanics living in the same community. This grant supports continued follow-up and outcome detection and expansion of data collection in this cohort. The aims are to evaluate the relationship between vascular outcomes (stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and vascular death) and insulin resistance, carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility, and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of vascular subclinical brain disease and to determine if MRI subclinical disease accounts for race/ethnic differences in cognitive impairment. To accomplish these aims further data collection using the population-based, prospective cohort study is proposed. Stored baseline serum will be used to measure fasting insulin levels to evaluate insulin resistance. High-resolution carotid imaging data will be collected at subsequent visits to expand the measurements of subclinical carotid disease to 1300 subjects. MRIs and a neuropsychological battery emphasizing frontal executive domains will be done on 1300 subjects and quantitative analyses performed to measure white matter hyperintensities, silent infarcts, and silent cerebral microbleeds. Starting in 2005, subjects enrolled in the MRI substudy began to have echocardiograms and 24hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Subjects will be followed by annual telephone interviews to ascertain stroke, MI, death, and changes in cognitive state. In-person assessment will be done for all subjects who screen positive. Community stroke surveillance will be maintained to insure stroke detection among the cohort. Specific diagnostic committees classify stroke, MI and vascular death.
The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of a novel enteral nutrition (EN) protocol (delivering 75% of patient's caloric needs through EN) for induction of remission in patients with active childhood-onset Crohn's disease (CD) and compare it to the standard protocol with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN). This novel approach allows patients to consume remaining calories (25%) from an antiinflammatory diet for CD (AID-CD). The hypothesis is that no significant difference in the remission rate between the novel EN protocol with partial enteral nutrition (PEN) and standard protocol with EEN will be observed.
The study tested an intervention that used a cue-removal and implementation intentions based strategy to change habitual dietary behaviors. The intervention was evaluated using a randomized experimental design that consisted of two conditions including (1) a control condition or (2) a cue and implementation intention-based intervention. High schools (N=22) were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. Families (N=187), with a family defined as an adolescent and one participating parent, were recruited from within the 22 schools. All of the families from each school were assigned to the same condition. Families that were eligible for the study and that were interested in participating scheduled an appointment to complete informed consent. After written parental consent and youth assent was obtained, the participants had their height and weight measured and completed a series of questionnaires programmed on laptops. In addition, the adolescent took part in a 24 Hour Dietary Recall Assessment. The family was also informed that a second 24 Hour Dietary Recall Assessment would be administered to the adolescent over the phone in approximately 3-14 days. Families that were from a school assigned to the control condition received an intervention on sun safety that consisted of a 10-minute meeting with a trained Health Coach, two generic newsletters, an email, and a text message. Families from a school assigned to the cue- and implementation intentions condition received an intervention on healthy snacking and the reduction of sugar sweetened beverage consumption that consisted of a 90-minute meeting with a trained Health Coach, two 20-minute phone calls, four tailored newsletters, and a series of emails and text messages. Both of these interventions were delivered over a period of 3-10 weeks depending on the self-directed pace of the participants. All participants were then asked to complete a follow-up assessment appointment three months after their original consenting appointment. Our hypotheses focused on dietary behaviors and stated that adolescents assigned to the cue-removal and implementation intentions intervention would consume significantly fewer daily servings of high fat snacks, high sugar snacks, and sugar sweetened beverages than adolescents in the control condition.
The purpose of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial among 800 socially disadvantaged pregnant women and their families to test the effectiveness of a multi-component home visitation nutrition program, compared to usual care, in promoting healthy feeding practices, lifestyle behaviors and growth in young children.
The purpose of this study is to determine how the modality of energy depletion can differently impact appetite hormones, ad libitum food intake, food hedonics, and olfaction.
The overall aim of the present project is to investigate if intake of cod in pregnancy has impact on infant development up to 12 month. 142 pregnant women will be allocated into two groups, one counsuming cod two times the week for four months and one group will continue to follow their habitual diet. To study this, urine samples, dietary data and blood samples from the mother and from the infant, as well as data on neurodevelopment and cognitive functioning will be collected at several time points.
The Vitality HealthyFood benefit is a three-tiered incentive program designed to encourage healthier food choices amongst members of Discovery Health's Vitality program. Once enrolled in the benefit, participating members can receive 10%, 15%, or 25% cash-back on the healthy foods they purchase at selected grocers. And, while overall enrollment in the program is high, there is particular interest in increasing enrollment in the benefit amongst Vitality members with diabetes. One presumed barrier to enrollment in the benefit amongst members with diabetes is a misperception of the particular relevance of the benefit and healthier food choices for their personal health. Improved messaging regarding the HealthyFood benefit and its particular salience for individuals with diabetes may be an effective means of increasing activation of the benefit in this population. The proposed study will be a collaboration between Discovery Health/Vitality and researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. In the proposed RCT, Vitality members with diabetes will be randomised to different types of messages regarding the HealthyFood benefit. The investigators will then compare the effectiveness of these different messaging strategies at increasing activation of the HealthyFood benefit amongst Vitality members with diabetes.