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NCT ID: NCT04939428 Completed - Clinical trials for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Study of MK-4482 for Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Adults (MK-4482-013)

MOVe-AHEAD
Start date: August 11, 2021
Phase: Phase 3
Study type: Interventional

The purpose of the study is to assess if the study medication (molnupiravir, MK-4482) will prevent symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults who live with someone with confirmed COVID-19 infection. This is a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; half of the study participants will receive molnupiravir twice daily by mouth and the other half will receive a placebo. The primary objectives of the study are to determine if molnupiravir prevents symptomatic COVID-19 disease and to evaluate its safety and tolerability. All participants who develop COVID-19 during the study are still eligible for any COVID-19 treatment recommended by their doctor.

NCT ID: NCT04915820 Completed - Clinical trials for Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron and COVID-19 Vaccine Response

Start date: May 29, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Vaccines often underperform in Africa compared to high-income countries. Why vaccines do not work as well in Africa remains uncertain. Malnutrition likely plays a role. Our study objective is to assess whether iron deficiency anaemia in young women impairs their immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine, and whether iron treatment improves their response.

NCT ID: NCT04915469 Completed - HIV Infection Clinical Trials

Enhanced Adherence Counselling, Pre-Post Study

Start date: March 4, 2019
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Viral suppression among children and adolescents in Kenya is currently sub-optimal at 60% and 63% respectively. Under the current Kenya Ministry of Health Guidelines, clients with viral load of >1000 copies/ml, should receive a minimum of three enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) sessions offered every two weeks and have a repeat viral load conducted 3 months after EAC completion. However, delivery of the EAC is not standardized and there is limited data available to evaluate the effectiveness of the three counselling sessions. Observational data from Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF)-supported sites in Homa Bay and Turkana counties indicate that among children and adolescents with a viral load > 1000 copies/ml, approximately 40% received the recommended three minimum EAC sessions and, after receiving EAC sessions, viral suppression was 33% in children aged below 9 years, 27% in adolescents aged between 10-14 years, 38% in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years and 53% in adults. The investigators propose to evaluate the implementation, effectiveness and acceptability of a standardized EAC package implemented at EGPAF-supported sites. Methods: The investigators will use mixed methods to evaluate specific clinical outcomes (viral suppression) adherence, retention) among children and adolescents who receive the EAC package after suspected treatment failure, and if applicable, after switch to second and third line. The investigators will use a pre/post intervention assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of the EAC package, and qualitative methods (in-depth individual interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD)) to identify facilitators and barriers to accessing EAC. A process evaluation will be conducted to determine whether the standardized EAC package has been implemented as intended across sites. The study population is defined as children aged 0-19 years receiving Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in selected EGPAF supported sites. Policy Significance: Dissemination of findings will be done through: internal evaluation report shared with stakeholders, donors, and the Ministry of Health (MOH) and abstracts presented at local and international conferences; and, manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Findings are expected to inform the continuous review and improvement of HIV Program delivery in Kenya, as the ministry of health and partners strive to meet international standards.

NCT ID: NCT04912661 Completed - Clinical trials for Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron and Vaccine Response

Start date: May 29, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

Vaccines often underperform in Africa compared to high-income countries. Why vaccines do not work as well in Africa remains uncertain. Malnutrition likely plays a role. Our study objective is to assess whether iron deficiency anaemia in young women impairs their immune response to viral vaccines, and whether iron treatment improves their response.

NCT ID: NCT04814927 Completed - Clinical trials for Mucosal Inflammation

Impact of Contraceptives on Cervico-Vaginal Mucosa

UMPALA
Start date: March 1, 2021
Phase: Phase 4
Study type: Interventional

UMPALA is a research study to look at the effect of four different, approved contraceptives on the cervical and vaginal tissues as well as on factors in the blood. Participants will have a baseline examination then receive one of four approved, marketed contraceptive products. Cervico-vaginal assessments will take place 4 weeks after contraceptive initiation and 3 months after to assess changes in mucosal safety after use of various contraceptive products in young, healthy, HIV uninfected women.

NCT ID: NCT04814680 Completed - Clinical trials for Prediction of Blood Pressure, Glycated Haemoglobin and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate From Digital Retinal Images

Machine-Learning Algorithm for Prediction of Blood Pressure, Glycated Haemoglobin and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate

Start date: November 8, 2021
Phase:
Study type: Observational

This is a non-interventional pilot study with the following objectives: - Establish scalable methodology for collection of retinal images, blood pressure (BP) and laboratory-based assessments - Compare the results of a machine-learning algorithm in predicting BP, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from digital retinal images with clinical and laboratory-based measures - Determine the required sample size needed to support a future study to fully validate the machine-learning algorithm

NCT ID: NCT04805112 Completed - Clinical trials for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Acceptability, Feasibility and Impact of Oral HIV Self-testing for Partner Testing Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls Aged 15-19 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Start date: March 2, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

This randomized controlled trial will assess the feasibility, acceptability and impact of the provision of multiple oral-fluid based HIV self-test kits to HIV-negative adolescents aged 15-19 years to promote HIV testing among their sexual partners and couples testing.

NCT ID: NCT04801602 Completed - Typhoid Fever Clinical Trials

Commercial Typhoid Tests Validation Trial

Start date: October 25, 2020
Phase:
Study type: Observational

Typhoid fever (typhoid) is an enteric bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi; S. Typhi). It is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9 million new cases worldwide and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. Like many febrile illnesses, typhoid presents with non-specific symptoms and signs, especially in its early stages. In routine healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), typhoid fever is commonly suspected and treated empirically with antibiotics. This overuse of antibiotics creates a selective pressure for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), that has resulted in the emergence and spread of typhoid strains that are resistant to all first-line antibiotics. Similarly, the low specificity of current rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can lead to an over diagnosis of typhoid fever that may result in the overuse of antibiotics and delay the proper treatment for underlying conditions. FIND in collaboration with international typhoid experts developed a target product profile outlining the ideal characteristics of point of care tests. As part of this activity it became apparent that no quality data are available that systematically compare all available commercially point of care tests against the same set of reference standards used in multiple populations (e.g. Africa vs Asia). This lack of benchmarking data significantly impedes health provider's ability to decide on the utility of commercial tests in different settings, ultimately restricting use and access. Further the lack of well characterized samples reduces the ability for targeted innovation in the typhoid space. The current study aims to benchmark different commercial typhoid tests against a defined reference standard applied in multiple population and simultaneously develop a sample set that can be used in future evaluations of emerging technologies and/or to support innovative test development.

NCT ID: NCT04774887 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

ERADICATING CERVICAL CANCER IN KENYA

Start date: November 13, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

This is a study of a strategy designed to 1) increase cervical cancer screening using a community-based approach, and 2) determine the efficacy of HPV vaccination in a region of Kenya where half of all children are chronically exposed to aflatoxin.

NCT ID: NCT04772469 Completed - HIV Infections Clinical Trials

Self-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men

Start date: March 22, 2021
Phase: N/A
Study type: Interventional

This is a randomized controlled trial to test a combination behavioral and biomedical interventions to improve the HIV prevention and care cascades in a population of mobile men in a high priority setting (fishermen in Kenya). The intervention strategy is to recruit and train highly socially-connected men to distribute HIV self-tests and provide linkage support to men in their close social networks. The study will determine whether this social network-based approach along with small financial incentives in the form of transport vouchers can increase men's self-testing, linkage to and uptake of ART and PrEP after self-testing, virologic suppression at 6 months (for those initiating ART) and PrEP adherence (for those initiating PrEP) at 6 months. The study includes a longitudinal qualitative and mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative assessments) to identify the pathways of intervention action, and understand how the social network-based approach with support for linkage affects testing and ART and PrEP uptake and retention in men.