View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The role of miRNAs in HIV disease is yet to be completely defined. Host miRNAs target certain HIV genes, thus can affect HIV replication and participate in viral control. miRNAs can also block HIV production through disruption of Gag assembly on cell membranes. miRNA expression can characterize HIV disease phenotype, as has been shown in HIV elite controllers who have a well-defined miRNA expression profile. However, the studies of miRNA in acute infection and co-infections like tuberculosis are lacking. The investigators showed that during immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS) in HIV/TB coinfected patients, innate immune response play a role as through NK cell degranulation, therefore testing for this could be used as a predictive marker of IRIS. One of the limitations of miRNA detection is the technique, which is time-consuming, and needs laboratories that are specialized and equipped for molecular biology techniques. In contrast, flow cytometry has been developed in routine labs and has well-standardized techniques. For the routine detection of miRNA, flow cytometry could be the best way to perform high throughput screening for clinical applications. Flow cytometry is a simple and effective way to evaluate miRNAs expression. In this project the investigators propose to evaluate, using flow cytometry, whether circulating miRNA pattern might be applicable as potential biomarkers in prediction and prognosis of IRIS in HIV/TB co-infected patients. The investigators propose to study the miRNA expression profile in a cohort of patients with a HIV infection and Tuberculosis and correlate it with their clinical evolution. As controls, the investigators propose to analyze expression of miRNAs in healthy controls as well as TB and HIV mono-infected patients. AIMS OF THE PROPOSAL 1. Identify miRNA expression profile as potential novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers for IRIS. 2. Identify the miRNA expression profile in HIV patients, in TB patients and in HIV/TB co-infected patients.
The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to investigate the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) vs standard sterile gauze therapy on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) in primarily closed groin incisions in high risk patients undergoing any open common femoral artery exposure for a vascular surgery procedure.
Pneumonias and lower respiratory tract infections can have important long-term consequences, particularly in the context of lung transplantation, where pneumonia is a major cause of death. Candidate organs and lung transplant recipients undergo bronchoscopic inspection to assess for lower respiratory tract infection, but traditional culture methods take time, leading to increased risk from inappropriate therapy. The investigators hypothesize that the rapid detection of lower respiratory tract infection, using a semi-quantitative multiplex molecular assay, can decrease the time to appropriate clinical decision making.
This study evaluates the association between plasmatic levels of Mid Regional Proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and the sublingual microcirculation in critical care patients admitted with infection, sepsis or septic shock.
This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 3 study of a microbiota suspension of intestinal microbes. Patients who have had at least one recurrence of CDI after a primary episode and have completed at least one round of standard-of-care oral antibiotic therapy or have had at least two episodes of severe CDI resulting in hospitalization may be eligible for the study. Subjects may receive a second RBX2660 enema if they are deemed treatment failures following the initial enema per the protocol-specified treatment failure definition.
A health education learning package (HELP) has been improved and evaluated for its impact against intestinal parasitic infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in West Malaysia. 13 schools were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) and the impact of HELP was evaluated after 3 and 6 months of baseline assessment and HELP intervention.
Up to 1 in 5 women in Africa who deliver their baby by cesarean section get a wound infection. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are largely preventable, but they represent a considerable burden for health-care systems, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The prevention of these infections is complex and requires the integration of a range of preventive measures before, during, and after surgery. The aim of the proposed project is to determine the risk factors of Surgical Site Infection post-Cesarean Section in women admitted to Princess Christian Maternity Hospital (PCMH) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Secondary aims are to determine the incidence of SSI and the predictors of a negative outcome in women with post-CS SSI.
Urinary infections are at the origin of many emergency department consultations and antibiotic prescriptions. Increase of bacteria resistance to antibiotics is promoted by an inappropriate use of those antibiotics but initial prescription in emergency departments is complicated by brief clinical examinations, unavailable sampling results and risks of multi-resistant bacteria. Large diffusion of new recommendations for urinary infection management should improve the quality of initial antibiotic prescription. However emergency physicians have no knowledge of the reassessment of antibiotherapy 48 to 72 hours after initial prescription by general practitioners which is a quality criterion of good antibiotic use. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the reassessment rate by general practitioners of the urinary infection antibiotherapies prescribed in emergency departments. This will allow assessing the quality of initial antibiotic prescription and help to improve practices.
A trial to assess cumulative incidence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in infants (by three months of age) born to mothers receiving a single-dose of 2 grams of oral azithromycin during labour (or immediately prior to delivery in the case of caesarean section), compared to infants whose mothers received placebo.
This is a prospective multi-center study. Bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients with CA-HRE will be compared to those from hospitalized patients with healthcare-associated HRE (HA-HRE). In addition, community spread of CRE will be determined.