View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:The investigators aim to study the population pharmacokinetics of children receiving the anti-infective drugs for treatment of infectious disease in central nervous system.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of MEDI8897 compared to palivizumab when administered to preterm infants entering their first RSV season and children with chronic lung disease (CLD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) entering their first and second RSV season.
Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJIs) are increasing with the use of orthopedic devices on an ageing population. Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal organism that plays an important role in the ecosystem healthy human skin, yet this species is also recognized as a pathogen in foreign body infection: endocarditis, prostatitis and specifically in PJIs. C. acnes is able to escape the immune system. This phenomenon could reflect two bacterial behavior: the bacterial internalization by host cells and the biofilm formation.
The purpose of this study is to determine if use of the CleanHands system can improve hand hygiene/personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance and reduce infections in the hospital ICUs through reminders to wash hands and use PPE as appropriate.
The pilot study "ARIIBO" was conducted to analyze changes in immune parameters reported in obese subjects, which had never been the subject of a global study outside of an infectious context, and studied in period septic only sporadically. This study was intended to contribute to a better understanding of the probably adverse impact of obesity on the immune response to bacterial infections, and to describe a specific immunological profile of an infectious excess risk in obese subjects. In terms of infection, obesity is a risk factor due to "mechanical" and pharmacodynamic variations, but also to the immune system. One of the best studied immunological parameters in obese patients, leptin resistance, is associated with a decrease in innate and adaptive immunity through a modification of the lymphocyte and cytokine profile. It is important to compare the data collected in obese patients infected (first study called "ARIIBO"), with those of non-obese subjects presenting the same type of infection, which will be included in the study "ARIIBACT"
This project aims to produce synthetic bone tissue graft that supports bone regeneration and combats infection simultaneously, according to industry standards and regulations. This original and high value added biomaterial "silver doped calcium phosphate based synthetic bone tissue " will be used in clinical trials in patients with osteomyelitis and implant-related infections for the treatment. Chronic bone infections are one of the most important problems in orthopedic surgery and are not just a problem of developed societies. When open fracture cases, which may get infected in 1-50%, implant-related infections and diabetic foot ulcer cases are taken into consideration, osteomyelitis will be seen as a very common problem all over the world. Multiple surgeries, long-term use of antibiotics and the high costs affects all societies. The use of synthetic bone grafts is growing faster than the natural bone grafts in the world. USA has spent 246 million US dollars for the use of synthetic bone graft in 2010. For the treatment of bone infections antibiotic impregnated synthetic bone grafts with different characteristics are used. Although these antibiotic impregnated synthetic bone grafts are superior compared to antibiotic bone cement with the implementation of different antibiotics and to be absorbable but they cannot show optimum benefit because the release of antibiotics is not due to host matrix degradation but diffusion control. The other issue to be considered as this regard that the development of microbial resistance to these antibiotics which is also a serious problem. Innovative synthetic bone graft with better contribution of the needs of mechanical properties, depending on the applied bone region, optimized antimicrobial activity and bone tissue regeneration are needed. In this study, it will be determined whether this silver ion -doped antimicrobial synthetic bone graft that has the capacity to fill the bone voids that may occur in chronic bone infection during disease process or after surgical debridement, also has the capacity to treat the infection in the bone will be used in 12 patients who had been diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis to see if it cause any unwanted side effect in normal usage conditions and generates unacceptable risks. Clinical, laboratory and radiological investigations will be used to demonstrate the healing of the infections and the cavities in the bone. Blood and urine levels of silver will be detected from patients. Antimicrobial activity of silver is well-known. The effectiveness of the silver and potential toxicity is related to the dose of silver and application form. In orthopedics, the use of silver is mostly limited to elemental silver coating of metal implants. There is no biotechnologic approach manufactured silver ion -doped calcium phosphate -based synthetic bone graft in the health sector yet. Ionic silver has advantages such as low toxicity, no tolerance of silver against bacteria, and strong antibacterial activity. The trapping of silver ions in the calcium phosphate based ceramic structure overcomes the other systems with its controlled release and its ability to be effective at minimum doses. The project is an original work since it will contribute to bone regeneration while at the same time removing the infection.
This will be a multistate, multicenter clinical study to determine the efficacy and safety of medical cannabis for a wide variety of chronic medical conditions.
Background: Poor personal hygiene and inadequate sanitation practices among young children in Low Middle Income Countries such as Pakistan can lead to critical, life-threatening illnesses such as respiratory infections, diarrheal disease, malnutrition and developmental delays. An intervention for personal/environmental hygiene practices for primary schoolchildren will be implemented at schools in urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan, aiming to improve the hygiene knowledge and practices (K&P) amongst primary schoolchildren and their mothers (participants), while identifying facilitating and impeding factors in the adoption of hygiene practices for children. Methods: The study will be built on quasi-experimental design with mixed methods data collection approaches. To assess primary grade children and their mothers' hygiene-status, K&P survey will be held in the pre-intervention phase. This phase also includes qualitative exploration of mothers' and teachers' perceptions about children's hygiene literacy, factors facilitating and impeding the adoption of the same among school children, for which in-depth guides and focus group discussion tools will be used with teachers and mothers respectively. School physical environmental assessment will be carried out pre-post intervention. This will be followed by multi-component intervention phase with behavior change strategies to improve children's and mothers' hygiene K&P. The post-intervention phase will assess the intervention effectiveness in terms of enhancing hygiene K&P among schoolchildren and mothers, alongside exploration of mothers and teachers' insights into whether or not the intervention has brought changes in improving hygiene practices among children. Results: Paired T-test will be done pre-post intervention to measure the differences in knowledge and practice scores between mothers' hygiene literacy and practices with their child's knowledge and practices. Similar test will also be run to assess the differences in children' hygiene knowledge and practice scores pre and post intervention. Thematic analysis will be used for qualitative data. Discussion: Multi-component intervention aimed at improving personal and environmental hygiene among primary school children offers an opportunity to design and test various behavioral change strategies at school and home setting. The study findings will be significant in assessing the intervention effectiveness in improving children's overall hygiene.
Quasi-experimental intervention multicenter trial of patients treated with new antibiotics (before-after study). The study will be carried out in 14 hospitals of the Andalusian Public Health System with representation from all the provinces and has been designed in two phases: 1. A first phase in which an observational study of historical preintervention cohorts of patients who have received either empirical or targeted treatment with ceftaroline, tedizolid, dalbavancin, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam and isavuconazole from January 2016 to December 2019 will be developed. Case detection will be carried out by locating the antimicrobial prescriptions in the electronic prescribing systems and / or pharmaceutical management systems of each hospital. A set of epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and prognostic variables will be completed in each case. 2. A second phase or intervention period that will be applied to the cohort of patients treated with new antibiotics (intervention cohort) from January 2020 to June 2021. A quasi-experimental intervention study will be carried out through the development of a Program for Optimizing the use of Antibiotics (PROA) in Spanish, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) in English, in the participating hospitals. It will consist in the development of a consensus document on the use of new antibiotics following a Delphi methodology, dissemination of the consensus document / guide among the participating hospitals and audit on the prescription of new antimicrobials after the implementation of the guide based on providing non-imposition advice and positive reinforcement to the prescriber. The recommendations will be consigned in a structured form, which will allow to evaluate the degree of follow-up of the recommendations. The audit will be performed on day 0-1 of the prescription. 3. Cohort of bacteremia due to multiresistant microorganisms ("safety" cohort): In order to evaluate the safety of the use of new antimicrobials against therapeutic alternatives in syndromes where they are potentially a preferred option and parallel to the two phases, episodes for bacteremia by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in participating hospitals from 2017 to 2021 will be collected.
The study will explore the impact of a nurse-led bundled antimicrobial stewardship intervention on the appropriateness of antimicrobial use in residential aged care facilities. The intervention will be assessed in a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial across 14 residential aged care facilities over an 18-month period.