Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study

Cancer Clinical Trial

— PURE  

Official title:

Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03225586
• Other study ID #: PURE
• Status: Recruiting
• Start date: January 1, 2002
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2030

Study information

• Verified date: January 2024
• Source: Population Health Research Institute
• Contact: Sumathy Rangarajan, MSc
• Phone: 905-521-2100
• Email: sumathy.rangarajan[@]phri.ca
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

To examine the impact of health determinants at the individual (e.g. health related behaviors) and societal level (e.g. environmental factors, health related policy, quality of health systems) on health outcomes (e.g. death, non-communicable disease development) across a range of socioeconomic and health resource settings. Additional components of this study will examine genetic factors for non-communicable diseases. This will be examined both through a cross sectional component, and prospectively (cohort component).

Description:

1. To examine the relationship between societal influences and prevalence of risk factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Societal determinants are measured by an index of measures from each of the 4 domains of interest: built environment, food and nutrition policy, psychosocial/socioeconomic factors, and tobacco. 2. To examine the relationship between societal determinants and incidence of chronic noncommunicable disease events (e.g. cardiovascular disease, cancer) and on changes in rates of selected risk factors (e.g. smoking) 3. To examine the relationship between health related behaviors (e.g. diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) and health outcomes (e.g. death, non-communicable diseases) 4. The quality of health systems across a diverse range of health resource settings, and how this impacts health outcomes 5. Genetic factors for non-communicable diseases

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 200000
• Est. completion date: December 31, 2030
• Est. primary completion date: December 31, 2030
• Gender: All
• Age group: 35 Years to 70 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• consenting adults between 35-70 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

• none

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cancer
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Communicable Disease
• Communicable Diseases
• Environmental Exposure
• Health Behavior
• Infections
• Injuries
• Lung Diseases
• Renal Disease
• Risk Factor, Cardiovascular

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Argentina	Estudios Clinicos Latinoamerica ECLA	Rosario	Santa Fe
Bangladesh	Independent University, Bangladesh	Dhaka
Brazil	Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology	São Paulo
Canada	Population Health Research Institute	Hamilton	Ontario
Canada	University of Ottawa	Ottawa	Ontario
Canada	Université Laval Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec	Quebec City	Quebec
Canada	Simon Fraser University	Vancouver	British Columbia
Chile	Universidad de La Frontera	Temuco
China	State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital	Beijing
Colombia	Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander - FOSCAL	Floridablanca	Santander
India	St John's Research Institute	Bangalore	Karnataka
India	Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)	Chandigarh
India	Madras Diabetes Research Foundation	Chennai	Tamil Nadu
India	Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute	Jaipur	Rajasthan
India	Health Action by People	Thiruvananthapuram	Kerala
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Isfahan University of Medical Sciences	Isfahan
Kazakhstan	Research Institute of Cardiology & Internal Diseases	Almaty
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz Society of Cardiology, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease	Bishkek
Malaysia	Universiti Teknologi MARA, UCSI Universiti	Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia	University Kebangsaan Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur
Pakistan	Aga Khan University	Karachi
Palestinian Territory, occupied	Birzeit University, Birzeit	Ramallah
Peru	Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia	Lima
Philippines	University of Philippines, Section of Adult Medicine & Medical Research Unit	Manila
Poland	Wroclaw Medical University & Department of Internal Medicine	Wroclaw
Russian Federation	Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases	Kemerovo
Saudi Arabia	King Saud University	Riyadh
South Africa	School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape	Bellville
South Africa	North-West University	Potchefstroom
Sweden	Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital	Göteborg
Tanzania	Pamoja Tunaweza Women Center	Moshi
Turkey	Istanbul Medeniyet University	Istanbul
United Arab Emirates	Dubai Medical University	Dubai
Zimbabwe	University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences	Harare

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Population Health Research Institute	Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

Argentina,  Bangladesh,  Brazil,  Canada,  Chile,  China,  Colombia,  India,  Iran, Islamic Republic of,  Kazakhstan,  Kyrgyzstan,  Malaysia,  Pakistan,  Palestinian Territory, occupied,  Peru,  Philippines,  Poland,  Russian Federation,  Saudi Arabia,  South Africa,  Sweden,  Tanzania,  Turkey,  United Arab Emirates,  Zimbabwe, 

References & Publications (55)

Avezum A, Oliveira GBF, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Miranda JJ, Seron P, Camacho-Lopez PA, Orlandini A, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Cordeiro Mattos A, Islam S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Secondary CV Prevention in South America in a Community Setting: The — View Citation

Batool S, O'Donnell M, Sharma M, Islam S, Dagenais GR, Poirier P, Lear SA, Wielgosz A, Teo K, Stotts G, McCreary CR, Frayne R, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Smith EE; PURE Study Investigators. Incidental magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging-p — View Citation

Bharathi AV, Kurpad AV, Thomas T, Yusuf S, Saraswathi G, Vaz M. Development of food frequency questionnaires and a nutrient database for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) pilot study in South India: methodological issues. Asia Pac J C — View Citation

Camacho PA, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Molina DI, Sanchez G, Arcos E, Narvaez C, Garcia H, Perez M, Hernandez EA, Duran M, Cure C, Sotomayor A, Rico A, David TM, Cohen DD, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Social disparities explain differences in hyperten — View Citation

Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Gilmore AB, Kruger A, Igumbor E, Chifamba J, Yang W, Wei L, Iqbal R, Mony P, Gupta R, Vijayakumar K, Mohan V, Kumar R, Rahman O, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Zatonska K, Altuntas Y, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Yusufali A, Dagenais G, Lear S, Diaz R, — View Citation

Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Lock K, Madhavan M, Mackie P, Li W, Yi S, Wang Y, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Teo K, McKee M, Yusuf S. A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs-- — View Citation

Chow CK, Lock K, Madhavan M, Corsi DJ, Gilmore AB, Subramanian SV, Li W, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Teo K, McKee M, Yusuf S. Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH): an instrument to measure environmenta — View Citation

Chow CK, Lock K, Teo K, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Yusuf S. Environmental and societal influences acting on cardiovascular risk factors and disease at a population level: a review. Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Dec;38(6):1580-94. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn258. Epub 2009 — View Citation

Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Gupta R, Avezum A, Bahonar A, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Kazmi K, Lanas F, Wei L, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Fanghong L, Ismail NH, Puoane T, Rosengren A, Szuba A, Temizhan A, Wielgosz A, Yusuf R, Yusufali A, McKee M, — View Citation

Corsi DJ, Subramanian SV, Chow CK, McKee M, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Iqbal R, Kelishadi R, Kruger A, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramilo P, Mony P, Mohan V, Avezum A, Oguz A, Rahman MO, Rosengren A, Szuba A, Li W, Yusoff K, Yusufali A, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yus — View Citation

Corsi DJ, Subramanian SV, McKee M, Li W, Swaminathan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Lear SA, Dagenais G, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH): an ecometric assessment of measures of the community en — View Citation

Dagenais GR, Gerstein HC, Zhang X, McQueen M, Lear S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Mohan V, Mony P, Gupta R, Kutty VR, Kumar R, Rahman O, Yusoff K, Zatonska K, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Kelishadi R, Yusufali A, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lanas F, Kruger A, Peer N, Chifamba J, Iq — View Citation

Dehghan M, Al Hamad N, Yusufali A, Nusrath F, Yusuf S, Merchant AT. Development of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in United Arab Emirates and Kuwait based on local foods. Nutr J. 2005 May 27;4:18. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-18. — View Citation

Dehghan M, del Cerro S, Zhang X, Cuneo JM, Linetzky B, Diaz R, Merchant AT. Validation of a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Argentinean adults. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037958. Epub 2012 May 25. — View Citation

Dehghan M, Ilow R, Zatonska K, Szuba A, Zhang X, Mente A, Regulska-Ilow B. Development, reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire in the Poland arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 20 — View Citation

Dehghan M, Lopez Jaramillo P, Duenas R, Anaya LL, Garcia RG, Zhang X, Islam S, Merchant AT. Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire among rural- and urban-dwelling adults in Colombia. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012 Nov-Dec;44(6):609-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.10.001. Epub 2011 Jul 7. — View Citation

Dehghan M, Martinez S, Zhang X, Seron P, Lanas F, Islam S, Merchant AT. Relative validity of an FFQ to estimate daily food and nutrient intakes for Chilean adults. Public Health Nutr. 2013 Oct;16(10):1782-8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004107. Epub 2012 Sep 21. — View Citation

Duong M, Islam S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, O'Byrne PM, Schunemann HJ, Igumbor E, Chifamba J, Liu L, Li W, Ismail T, Shankar K, Shahid M, Vijayakumar K, Yusuf R, Zatonska K, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Heidari H, Almahmeed W, Diaz R, Oliveira G, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Se — View Citation

Duong M, Rangarajan S, Zhang X, Killian K, Mony P, Swaminathan S, Bharathi AV, Nair S, Vijayakumar K, Mohan I, Gupta R, Mohan D, Rani S, Mohan V, Iqbal R, Kazmi K, Rahman O, Yusuf R, Pinnaka LV, Kumar R, O'Byrne P, Yusuf S. Effects of bidi smoking on all- — View Citation

Gasevic D, Vukmirovich I, Yusuf S, Teo K, Chow C, Dagenais G, Lear SA. A direct assessment of "obesogenic" built environments: challenges and recommendations. J Environ Public Health. 2011;2011:161574. doi: 10.1155/2011/161574. Epub 2011 Nov 15. — View Citation

Gupta R, Islam S, Mony P, Kutty VR, Mohan V, Kumar R, Thakur JS, Shankar VK, Mohan D, Vijayakumar K, Rahman O, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Shahid M, Mohan I, Rangarajan S, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Socioeconomic factors and use of secondary preventive therapies for cardiova — View Citation

Gupta R, Kaur M, Islam S, Mohan V, Mony P, Kumar R, Kutty VR, Iqbal R, Rahman O, Deepa M, Antony J, Vijaykumar K, Kazmi K, Yusuf R, Mohan I, Panwar RB, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Association of Household Wealth Index, Educational Status, and Social Capital wi — View Citation

Iqbal R, Ajayan K, Bharathi AV, Zhang X, Islam S, Soman CR, Merchant AT. Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population. Public Health Nutr. 2009 Jan;12(1):12-8. doi: 10.1017/S136898 — View Citation

Khatib R, Giacaman R, Khammash U, Yusuf S. Challenges to conducting epidemiology research in chronic conflict areas: examples from PURE- Palestine. Confl Health. 2017 Feb 22;10:33. doi: 10.1186/s13031-016-0101-x. eCollection 2016. — View Citation

Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, Chow C, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Wei L, Mony P, Mohan V, Gupta R, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Lear SA, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Kazmi K, Rahman O, Rosengren A, Monsef N, Kelishadi R, Kruger A, — View Citation

Khatib R, Schwalm JD, Yusuf S, Haynes RB, McKee M, Khan M, Nieuwlaat R. Patient and healthcare provider barriers to hypertension awareness, treatment and follow up: a systematic review and meta-analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1):e84238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084238. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Lamelas PM, Mente A, Diaz R, Orlandini A, Avezum A, Oliveira G, Lanas F, Seron P, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Camacho-Lopez P, O Donnell MJ, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S. Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion With Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Clinical Event — View Citation

Lear SA, Teo K, Gasevic D, Zhang X, Poirier PP, Rangarajan S, Seron P, Kelishadi R, Tamil AM, Kruger A, Iqbal R, Swidan H, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Yusuf R, Chifamba J, Kutty VR, Karsidag K, Kumar R, Li W, Szuba A, Avezum A, Diaz R, Anand SS, Rosengren A, Yusuf — View Citation

Leong DP, McKee M, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators. Population Muscle Strength Predicts Olympic Medal Tallies: Evidence from 20 Countries in the PURE Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0169821. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169821. eCollectio — View Citation

Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Kutty VR, Lanas F, Hui C, Quanyong X, Zhenzhen Q, Jinhua T, Noorhassim I, AlHabib KF, Moss SJ, Rosengren A, Akalin AA, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Orlandini A, Kumar R, Yeates K, Gupta R, Yusufali A, Dans A, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaram — View Citation

Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A Jr, Orlandini A, Seron P, Ahmed SH, Rosengren A, Kelishadi R, Rahman O, Swaminathan S, Iqbal R, Gupta R, Lear SA, Oguz A, Yusoff K, Zatonska K, Chifamba J, Igumbor E, Mohan V, Anjana RM, Gu H, Li — View Citation

Li W, Gu H, Teo KK, Bo J, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang H, Sun Y, Jia X, He X, Zhao X, Cheng X, Li J, Rangarajan S, Chen C, Yusuf S, Liu L; PURE China Investigators. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 115 rural and urban communi — View Citation

Mahajan R, Malik M, Bharathi AV, Lakshmi PV, Patro BK, Rana SK, Kumar R. Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire in an urban and rural area of northern India. Natl Med J India. 2013 Sep-Oct;26(5):266-72. — View Citation

Mayhew AJ, Lock K, Kelishadi R, Swaminathan S, Marcilio CS, Iqbal R, Dehghan M, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Nutrition labelling, marketing techniques, nutrition claims and health claims on chip and biscuit packages from sixteen countries. Public Health Nutr. 2016 A — View Citation

Mente A, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, Lear SA, McQueen MJ, Zeidler J, Fu L, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Bourlaud AS, De Bluts AL, Corber E, de Jong V, Boomgaardt J, Shane A, Jiang Y, de Groh M, O'Donnell MJ, Yusuf S, Teo K. Assessment of Dietary Sodium and Potass — View Citation

Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Lear S, McQueen M, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Li W, Lu Y, Yi S, Rensheng L, Iqbal R, Mony P, Yusuf R, Yusoff K, Szuba A, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Yusufali A, Schutte AE, Chifamba J, — View Citation

Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A, Lear SA, McQueen MJ, Jiang Y, Xingyu W, Jian B, Calik KB, Akalin AA, Mony P, Devanath A, Yusufali AH, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A Jr, Yusoff K, Rosengren A, Kruger L, Orlandini A, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S — View Citation

Mente A, O'Donnell MJ, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Poirier P, Wielgosz A, Morrison H, Li W, Wang X, Di C, Mony P, Devanath A, Rosengren A, Oguz A, Zatonska K, Yusufali AH, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum A, Ismail N, Lanas F, Puoane T, Diaz R, Kelishadi R, Iqbal — View Citation

Merchant AT, Dehghan M, Chifamba J, Terera G, Yusuf S. Nutrient estimation from an FFQ developed for a Black Zimbabwean population. Nutr J. 2005 Dec 13;4:37. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-37. — View Citation

Merchant AT, Dehghan M. Food composition database development for between country comparisons. Nutr J. 2006 Jan 19;5:2. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-5-2. — View Citation

Miller V, Yusuf S, Chow CK, Dehghan M, Corsi DJ, Lock K, Popkin B, Rangarajan S, Khatib R, Lear SA, Mony P, Kaur M, Mohan V, Vijayakumar K, Gupta R, Kruger A, Tsolekile L, Mohammadifard N, Rahman O, Rosengren A, Avezum A, Orlandini A, Ismail N, Lopez-Jara — View Citation

Mir H, Buchanan D, Gilmore A, McKee M, Yusuf S, Chow CK. Cigarette pack labelling in 12 countries at different levels of economic development. J Public Health Policy. 2011 May;32(2):146-64. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2011.3. Epub 2011 Mar 3. — View Citation

O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Wang X, Liu L, Yan H, Lee SF, Mony P, Devanath A, Rosengren A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Iqbal R, Ilow R, Mohammadifard N, Gulec S, Yusufali AH, Kruger L, Yusuf R, Chifamba J, K — View Citation

Palafox B, McKee M, Balabanova D, AlHabib KF, Avezum AJ, Bahonar A, Ismail N, Chifamba J, Chow CK, Corsi DJ, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Gupta R, Iqbal R, Kaur M, Khatib R, Kruger A, Kruger IM, Lanas F, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Minfan F, Mohan V, Mony PK, Oguz A, Pali — View Citation

Raina P, Sohel N, Oremus M, Shannon H, Mony P, Kumar R, Li W, Wang Y, Wang X, Yusoff K, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Szuba A, Oguz A, Rosengren A, Kruger A, Chifamba J, Mohammadifard N, Darwish EA, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Seron P, Rangarajan — View Citation

Rosengren A, Teo K, Rangarajan S, Kabali C, Khumalo I, Kutty VR, Gupta R, Yusuf R, Iqbal R, Ismail N, Altuntas Y, Kelishadi R, Diaz R, Avezum A, Chifamba J, Zatonska K, Wei L, Liao X, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Yusufali A, Seron P, Lear SA, Yusuf S. Psychosocial — View Citation

Savell E, Gilmore AB, Sims M, Mony PK, Koon T, Yusoff K, Lear SA, Seron P, Ismail N, Calik KB, Rosengren A, Bahonar A, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Kruger A, Swidan H, Gupta R, Igumbor E, Afridi A, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Zatonska K, Mohan V, Mohan D, Lopez-Jara — View Citation

Smith EE, O'Donnell M, Dagenais G, Lear SA, Wielgosz A, Sharma M, Poirier P, Stotts G, Black SE, Strother S, Noseworthy MD, Benavente O, Modi J, Goyal M, Batool S, Sanchez K, Hill V, McCreary CR, Frayne R, Islam S, DeJesus J, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Yusuf S; — View Citation

Smyth A, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, O'Donnell M, Zhang X, Rana P, Leong DP, Dagenais G, Seron P, Rosengren A, Schutte AE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Oguz A, Chifamba J, Diaz R, Lear S, Avezum A, Kumar R, Mohan V, Szuba A, Wei L, Yang W, Jian B, McKee M, Yusuf S; PURE — View Citation

Teo K, Chow CK, Vaz M, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S; PURE Investigators-Writing Group. The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study: examining the impact of societal influences on chronic noncommunicable diseases in low-, middle-, and high-income countr — View Citation

Teo K, Lear S, Islam S, Mony P, Dehghan M, Li W, Rosengren A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Diaz R, Oliveira G, Miskan M, Rangarajan S, Iqbal R, Ilow R, Puone T, Bahonar A, Gulec S, Darwish EA, Lanas F, Vijaykumar K, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Hou Y, Li N, Yusuf S; PURE — View Citation

Vaz M, Bharathi AV, Thomas T, Yusuf S, Kurpad AV. The repeatability of self reported physical activity patterns in rural South India. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(1):71-5. — View Citation

Yusuf S, Islam S, Chow CK, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Gupta R, Kelishadi R, Iqbal R, Avezum A, Kruger A, Kutty R, Lanas F, Lisheng L, Wei L, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Oguz A, Rahman O, Swidan H, Yusoff K, Zatonski W, Rosengren A, Teo KK; Prospective Urban — View Citation

Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Islam S, Li W, Liu L, Bo J, Lou Q, Lu F, Liu T, Yu L, Zhang S, Mony P, Swaminathan S, Mohan V, Gupta R, Kumar R, Vijayakumar K, Lear S, Anand S, Wielgosz A, Diaz R, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lanas F, Yusoff K, Ismail N, Iq — View Citation

Yusufali AM, Khatib R, Islam S, Alhabib KF, Bahonar A, Swidan HM, Khammash U, Alshamiri MQ, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in four Middle East countries. J Hypertens. 2017 Jul;35(7):1457-1464. doi: 10.1 — View Citation

* Note: There are 55 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	incident cardiovascular disease	cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	incident cancer	total and cause specific cancers	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	Incident COPD	development of COPD	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	Incident Asthma	development of asthma	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	Pneumonia	hospitalization for pneumonia	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	Respiratory outcomes	change in pulmonary function test	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	All Cause Hospitalizations	All cause hospitalizations	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	Kidney disease	end stage renal disease, dialysis, transplant, changes in renal function	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	All cause and cause specific mortality	death from all causes, and cause specific deaths	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	incident diabetes	development of diabetes	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	obesity	development of obesity, change in BMI	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	hypertension	development of hypertension and changes in blood pressure	mean follow up of 10 years
Secondary	incident injuries	assessing fatal and non-fatal injuries due road traffic accidents and falls	mean follow up of 10 years

External Links

•   Study Webpage