View clinical trials related to Aging.
Filter by:A key early event in cardiovascular disease development is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired flow-mediated dilation. Regular aerobic exercise ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in healthy older men, but the data in healthy postmenopausal women are inconsistent with many studies showing no effect. The primary objective of this study is to examine sex differences in acute and chronic endothelial responses to exercise training in older men vs. postmenopausal women.
Age-related changes in body composition, muscular fitness, and metabolic health resulting in the onset of obesity, sarcopenia, and chronic diseases are profound public health issues that are in need of immediate attention. Effective and feasible methods, such as dietary therapies, are needed to improve health in older adults that in turn lead to independence, enhanced quality of life and reduced hospitalizations. Diet quality and dietary protein intake are vital for maintaining body composition, muscle mass and improved physical performance. Malnutrition in dietary protein intake is a major cause of reduced muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern is a high-quality therapeutic diet known to improve health status in various diverse and at-risk populations resulting in improved heart health, maintained cognitive function and reductions in metabolic diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary protein recommendations of the DASH diet are poultry and fish and it is recommended to decrease or exclude red meats from the diet. However, studies have demonstrated that lean red meat incorporated into a DASH-like diet doesn't exacerbate cardiovascular health indices in adults, indicating that lean red meat can be included in the DASH diet without negative effects on heart health. Although studies have reported on the DASH diet in older adults, no studies have investigated the effect of the DASH diet containing lean red meat on measures of body composition, muscle mass or metabolic health under controlled-feeding conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the DASH diet containing daily intakes of lean red meat on indicators of body composition, muscular fitness and biomarkers of metabolic health in adults 65 and older using controlled-feeding and systems biology approaches.
Thickened liquids are commonly used as an intervention for people with dysphagia (swallowing impairment). However, the field currently lacks a proper understanding of how this intervention works. The overall goal of the project is to collect measurements of bolus flow through the oropharynx (i.e., mouth and throat) during swallowing. The factors that are expected to influence bolus flow include the liquid/food consistency (i.e., thin, slightly-thick, mildly-thick, moderately-thick, extremely thick, solid) and the forces applied during swallowing (i.e., tongue pressures and swallowing muscle contraction). The objective is to determine how these factors interact to influence the flow of a bolus through the oropharynx in healthy swallowing.
This study aims was evaluated the effect of L-arginine on microcirculation, vasoreactivity / endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle of young and old women with Sarcopenia or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus measured by Nailfold videocapillaroscopy and venous occlusion plethysmography before and after 14 days of consumption 5g oral L-arginine supplementation.
Investigation of the chronic effect of 12 week multivitamin supplementation on markers of everyday function in adults aged 70 and over.
Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), or delayed recovery of vision in a dark environment, is a functional biomarker (i.e., risk factor) for early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This research plan is designed to elucidate the structural (anatomical) basis of this visual deficit using cellular- and subcellular level imaging of the retina and its supporting tissues in living people. An accurate map and timeline of structure-function relationships in persons tested for night vision will result in functionally validated structural endpoints for early AMD trials, as well as define major biologic effects for development into future treatments.
The investigators are studying the impact of insulin resistance on the acceleration of brain aging and testing whether increased neuron insulin resistance can be counteracted by utilization of alternate metabolic pathways (e.g., ketones rather than glucose). This study has three Arms, which together provide synergistic data. For all three Arms, subjects are tested in a within-subjects design that consists of 2-3 testing sessions, 1-14 days apart, and counter-balanced for order. Impact of fuel (glucose in one session, ketones in the other) on brain metabolism and associated functioning is measured during each session. For Arms 1-2, the primary experimental measure is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is used to trace the self-organization of functional networks following changes in energy supply and demand. Arm 1 tests the impact of endogenous ketones produced by switching to a low carbohydrate diet, while Arm 2 tests the impact of exogenous ketones consumed as a nutritional supplement. For Arm 3, simultaneous magnetic resonance spectroscopy/positron-emission tomography (MR/PET) is used to quantify the impact of exogenous ketones on production of glutamate and GABA, key neurotransmitters. Subjects will be given the option to participate in more than one of the Arms, but doing so is not expected nor required. Prior to scans, subjects will receive a clinician-administered History and Physical (H&P), which includes vital signs, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the comprehensive metabolic blood panel. These will be used to assess diabetes, kidney disease, and electrolytes. If subjects pass screening, they will be provided the option to participate in one or more Arms, which include neuroimaging. To provide a quantitative measure of time-varying metabolic activity throughout the scan, based upon quantitative models of glucose and ketone regulation, as well as to be able to implement safety stopping rules (see below), the investigators will obtain pin-prick blood samples three times: prior to the scan, following consumption of the glucose or ketone drink, and following completion of the scan. To assess effects of increased metabolic demand, the investigators measure brain response to cognitive load, transitioning from resting-state to spatial reasoning through a spatial navigation video task. To assess effects of increased metabolic supply, the investigators measure brain response to glucose or ketone bolus.
This study will test the effects of a social media game on the physical activity of older adult women. The game will consist of playful weekly challenges that require sharing photographs on a private social media group and also wearing an activity monitor to track steps. Participants will be randomized to this game group or to receive the activity monitor only.
African American women who are 50 years of age and older with depressive symptoms, pain and difficulty with mobility will participate in the DAPPER intervention study that includes 8 nurse visits in participants' homes to help participants with participants' pain and mood.
Evaluates an intervention designed to improve everyday memory function, contrasting people receiving the intervention with a group that receives traditional memory strategy training.