Type 2 Diabetes Clinical Trial
— Cyber GEMSOfficial title:
Continuous Glucose Monitoring for High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes in the Hospital: Cloud-Based Real-Time Glucose Evaluation and Management System (Cyber GEMS)
Given the known serious consequences of uncontrolled blood sugars during hospitalization, this research plans to study an alternative seamlessly integrated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system in the hospital to test a dynamic and digitized, team-based approach to glucose management in an underserved and understudied, yet high-risk population. A digital dashboard will facilitate real-time, remote monitoring of a large volume of patients simultaneously; automatically identify and prioritize patients for intervention; and will detect any and all potentially dangerous hypoglycemic episodes in a hospital environment. The study will focus on clinical metrics of glucose control and infection that are in-line with patient priorities and US hospital quality initiatives.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 554 |
Est. completion date | November 30, 2025 |
Est. primary completion date | November 30, 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Documented previous or current Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) diagnosis as defined by either diagnosis in the chart or an HbA1c > or = to 6.5% in the last 90 days - Either on subcutaneous (SQ) insulin orders, or greater than two serum or Point of Care (POC) glucose > or = 200 mg/dL in most recent 24 hours of admission Exclusion Criteria: - Anticipated length of stay < 24 hours; - Current or anticipated ICU placement; - Does not speak English or Spanish; - Known allergy to adhesives; - Current participation in any medication or device research study; - Pregnant; - Any other condition that Multiple Principal Investigator (MPI) Philis-Tsimikas or the attending physician deems contraindicated |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Scripps Mercy Hospital | Chula Vista | California |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) |
United States,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Other | Process Indicators (Reach): Enrollment Characteristics | To examine enrollment rate, demographic characteristics of eligible patients will be compared between those who enroll versus decline; where continuous measures will be compared between groups will be compared between groups by Chi-Square tests. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Reach): Representative Characteristics | To examine generalizability of our sample, distribution of demographics in our sample will be compared to expected distributions of our target population through Chi-square tests. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Reach): CGM wear time | Median time on CGM will also be compared between Cyber GEMs and UC groups using a Mann-Whitney test. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Reach): Withdrawal rate | We do not plan to statistically assess reasons for withdrawal due to an anticipated low number of withdrawals, but all reasons will be recorded and descriptively quantified where applicable. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Efficacy): Impact of time on CGM | A generalized linear model will be used to assess whether time on CGM relates to changes in the percent time in primary and secondary outcome ranges over time. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Efficacy): Negative outcomes | Unintended negative outcomes will be recorded and descriptively analyzed. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Adoption): Perceptions of CGM | Results of semi-structured interviews will be qualitatively, descriptively analyzed to reveal perceptions of CGM implementation efficacy, challenges, satisfaction, and benefits. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Adoption): Clinical perceptions of glucose management | Descriptively assess physicians pre- and post study perceptions and knowledge of and identified barriers to successful inpatient glucose control via the Inpatient Glucose Management Questionnaire (IGCQ). | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Implementation): Alarm actions | # of alarms for glucose managed by the Clinical Transfer Center (Cyber GEMS only) will be quantified for percent adherence to protocol by: # of times Clinical Transfer Center notified bedside Registered Nurse (RN) / # of qualifying alarms. Rates of follow-up POC testing at bedside will be analyzed/statistically tested by fitting a linear model with # of alarms. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Implementation): CGM satisfaction | CGM satisfaction will be determined using a modified CGM Satisfaction Scale. Questions regarding comfort/interruption, given in both arms and mean overall scores compared by unpaired students t-tests. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Maintenance): Enrollment progress | Number of participants will be continuously monitored by the Data Analyst throughout the study period and tracked against projected numbers for enrollment. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Other | Process Indicators (Maintenance): Stakeholder and advisory board feedback | Feedback from Stakeholders and Community Advisory Board members will be descriptively analyzed. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Primary | Percent time in range | Participants will have their percent time in range calculated following a minimum CGM data collection period of 12 hours and expressed as a percentage where: Percent Time in Range= 100 (Number readings in range (70-200mg/dL)/Total number of readings from CGM). Number of readings will be used in calculation, which scale directly with time. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Primary | Percent time spent in hypoglycemia and percent time in severe hyperglycemia | Our second outcome will be assessed by the same methods as the first, but instead looking at Percent Time in Severe Hyperglycemic Range (>300mg/dL) and Percent Time in Hypoglycemic Range (<70mg/dL). | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Primary | Infection Rate | Rates of hospital-acquired infection are defined as skin wound or surgical site, central line-associated bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, clostridium difficile infection, or pneumonia not present at admission. Unadjusted incidence rates among study participants will be compared between intervention and control groups via Chi-Square test of two proportions. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Secondary | Glucose Variability | Using CGM data, glucose variability will be determined by first calculating the coefficient of variation for each participant, dividing the standard deviation of the glucose readings of that participant, by the mean of those readings and multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. Mean coefficients of variation will be compared between intervention and control groups by a students t test. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Secondary | Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - Derived Outcomes: HbA1C | Additional metrics of glycemic control will be captured for each study participant from the EMR including: HbA1C. Like primary outcome analyses, group mean differences of each variable will be assessed unadjusted with a students t-test utilized to detect between-group differences. | Immediately following intervention completion | |
Secondary | Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - Derived Outcome: fasting POC blood glucose | Additional metrics of glycemic control will be captured for each study participant from the EMR including fasting point-of-care (POC) blood glucose measurements (mg/dL). Like primary outcome analyses, group mean differences of each variable will be assessed unadjusted with a students t-test utilized to detect between-group differences. | Immediately following intervention completion |
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