View clinical trials related to Tuberculosis.
Filter by:Partially-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending Dose (SAD) with a Food Effect Cohort to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of TBI-223 in Healthy Adults.
Tuberculosis (TB) has overtaken HIV as the leading infectious cause of death worldwide and requires a major policy shift for it to be controlled in line with the WHO Stop-TB goal to "end TB". However, how to control TB at population level in the context of HIV, is unknown. Some of the best evidence to date comes from the Southern African ZAMSTAR trial, where a household-level TB /HIV intervention including TB symptom screening, HIV counselling and testing with linkage to care and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) as indicated, was offered to all household members of TB patients. Despite only reaching ~6% of households in the intervention communities, the data showed a nearly 20% reduction in TB disease prevalence and 50% reduction in TB infection incidence at the population-level. Increasing the scope of the intervention to all households and thus all community members, may therefore significantly change the burden of TB and "end TB". The proposed TREATS project builds on the experience of ZAMSTAR and is nested within the ongoing HPTN 071 (PopART) trial (NCT01900977), the largest ever trial of a combination HIV/TB prevention intervention being conducted in Zambia and South Africa. The project consists of 4 linked studies that will provide definitive cluster-randomised evidence of the effect of a household-level combined HIV and TB prevention intervention on the burden of TB at population level. The project will produce two major outputs of global importance to public health policy. The first will provide definitive evidence of the effectiveness of scaled up combination TB/HIV prevention interventions on TB. The second output will improve understanding of the best ways to measure the impact of public health interventions on TB burden. This is a unique opportunity to assess the impact of combination HIV prevention, including universal HIV testing and treatment, combined with population screening for active TB on the burden of TB. The HPTN071(PopART) trial,a cluster randomised trial in 21 communities in Zambia and South Africa with a population size of approximately 1 million individuals, is unlikely ever to be repeated. The recently adopted WHO guidelines of a "universal treatment" strategy for HIV, will prompt policy-makers to seek strategies of case-finding for HIV offering an opportunity to conduct TB screening on a large scale. The results from the TREATS project will therefore provide unique and timely information of the additional costs and benefits of combined TB and HIV prevention strategies at population level. TREATS will also assess novel methods to measure the effect of interventions on burden of TB in the trial communities. The latest interferon gamma release assay QuantiFERON® Gold Plus will be assessed for measuring impact of TB interventions on incidence of infection. A combination of Xpert® MTB/RIF and computer aided digital X-ray (CAD4TB) will be assessed for measuring prevalence of active TB. These new methods will provide important information about the best way of measuring TB incidence and prevalence rates and allow triangulation of the different methods to inform global estimates of TB burden in the post MDG era. The TREATS consortium will stimulate synergy between leading African research groups (Zambart, HST); new European technology (Delft Diagnostic Imaging, Qiagen); international TB bodies (The Union) and European research centres (LSHTM, Imperial College, Sheffield University and KNCV), as well as with the US funders of the HPTN071/PopART trial.
A retrospective study evaluating the characteristics of tuberculosis infection in patients of rheumatic disease.
This study will serve as a platform to evaluate new diagnostics in children suspected to have TB, establish diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity) and calculate positive and negative predictive values in a real-life cohort. Finally, this study will comprise the results of several tests in its database. This will allow simulation of diagnostic algorithms, that may be composed of screening (i.e. rule-out) tests together with confirmatory tests to maximize sensitivity and specificity.
This study will be conducted in Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases and Department of Medicine, Dow Medical College, Karachi both affiliated with Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan after IRB approval. All patients of either gender with clinical suspicion of PTB on history, examination and CXR and not expectorating sputum or less than 1 ml will be included in the study. Patients with extra pulmonary tuberculosis, those with age < 12 years will be excluded. Demographic data of selected patients including age, gender, contact with PTB patient will be collected. Data will be entered in study proforma. Selected patients will undergo bronchoscopy using Olympus 180 series video bronchoscope. Bronchial Wash will be done and 3 aliquots of BW samples will be collected by suctioning. One part of washing will be immediately inoculated in AFB Culture media and second will be submitted for Xpert MTB/RIF testing. Third part will be centrifuged, and sediment will be subjected to AFB microscopy after staining with Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Results of microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF will be collected next day, and treatment will be started if MTB comes positive, while results of AFB Culture will be collected after 6 weeks and treatment will be started if not already started on previous reports. Sensitivity/Resistance pattern will be recorded for both Xpert MTB/RIF and ABF Culture. The sample size of 72 was taken for conduct of study. Sample size calculations were done using PASS software version 15.0. Frequency of positive tests will be calculated. Mean age will be calculated according to gender and compared by Student's t-test. Sensitivity & specificity of tests will be calculated using online calculator by VassarStats. Frequency of positive yield of Xpert MTB/RIF will be compared to that of microscopy by χ2- test. P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Hypotheses: Rifapentine (given as water-dispersible monolayer and/or fixed dose combination with isoniazid) dosing in HIV-infected and uninfected children ≤ 12 years of age with latent TB infection (LTBI) or with exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) will require higher mg/kg rifapentine dosing than adults to achieve adult- exposures which are correlated with efficacy in trials of TB prevention. Investigators further hypothesize that rifapentine will be safe and well-tolerated in HIV-infected and uninfected children who require treatment for LTBI.
FIND and partners intend to address the need for a multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) diagnostic solution for patients in settings with a high burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) though the development, evaluation and introduction of an Xpert MTB/XDR assay
Consenting adults presenting with signs and symptoms compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis will be interviewed for demographic and medical information, and then will be asked to provide 3-4 expectorated sputum specimens. In the study laboratory, sputa will be tested using conventional and investigational diagnostic tests for tuberculosis and rifampin resistance.
Food insecurity can contribute to poor adherence to both tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Interventions that target food insecurity have the potential to improve treatment adherence and decrease mortality. The goals of this study were to determine the cost, feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of implementing nutritional support to improve adherence and treatment completion among HIV-TB co-infected adults in the Casamance region of Senegal, West Africa.
To determine if adjunctive N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg twice a day (BID) accelerates sputum culture conversion and normalization of cellular glutathione in tuberculosis (TB), and to assess its potential effects on lung and immune function