View clinical trials related to Tuberculosis.
Filter by:The current standard short-course treatment for pulmonary TB requires 6 months to complete. This long duration of treatment increases the likelihood of side effects while decreasing patients' adherence to anti-TB drugs. Linezolid showed considerable efficacy against refractory multidrug-resistant TB. Considering the marked anti-TB effects of linezolid as well as the possible adverse effects of its long-term use, it is rational to use linezolid instead of ethambutol for the first 4 weeks of treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. Through randomized controlled trial, the investigators will evaluate the hypothesis that the use of linezolid instead of ethambutol will increase the sputum culture conversion rate by 15% after 2 months of treatment. Patients with TB without resistance to rifampicin will be randomized to the following three arms at a 1:1:1 ratio: Arma 1 (control arm), Arm 2 (linezolid for 2 weeks instead of ethambutol), Arm 3 (linezolid for 4 weeks instead of ethambutol)Primary outcome will be sputum culture conversion rate after 2 months of treatment (liquid media).
The development of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has improved the safety and diagnostic accuracy of the mediastinal lymph node (MLN) sampling. Still, in some diseases routine cytological specimens are considered insufficient and histological sampling is preferred. The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA and two other, more invasive procedures to obtain histological samples from MLN in patients with clinical and radiological features of sarcoidosis. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), EBUS-TBNA, EBUS guided transbronchial forceps biopsy (EBUS-TBFB), large bore (19G) histology TBNA as well as endobronchial forceps biopsy will be performed in 90 consecutive patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement and clinical and radiological features of sarcoidosis. Diagnostic accuracy of each sampling technique will be calculated and compared to other techniques. Diagnostic yield of different technique combinations will also be calculated and the most efficient diagnostic approach will be defined.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in HIV-infected individuals. There are insufficient data correlating concentrations of anti-TB drugs with treatment response. We hypothesize that sub-therapeutic concentrations of anti-TB drugs are associated with inadequate TB treatment response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Efavirenz is an essential component of HIV treatment in children aged 3 years or older on anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) treatment. However, the appropriate efavirenz dose during anti-TB treatment remains unclear. Rifampin (an anti-TB drug) increases the activity of the drug metabolizing enzymes that breakdown efavirenz, which may lead to low blood levels of efavirenz and treatment failure during cotreatment. The drug-to-drug interactions between the HIV and anti-TB drugs also vary between individuals based on genetic factors. This study will investigate the effects of anti-TB treatment, as well as drug-gene interactions on the blood concentrations of efavirenz in children with HIV and TB infections. Such data could enhance optimization of efavirenz dosage or selection of alternate regimens in some children.
Nevirapine is the preferred nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for treatment of HIV in children younger than 3 years old who have tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. However, there is very limited data on the drug-drug interactions between rifampin and nevirapine in children of this age group. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of rifampin-containing anti-TB treatment on the blood levels of nevirapine in young children with HIV and TB coinfection. Also, the study will find out whether checking the genetic makeup of a child could help to determine the appropriate dose of nevirapine in the setting of concomitant anti-TB treatment.
Dose comparison study of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)Aplisol with the standard tuberculin purified derivative (PPD-S2).
Tuberculosis (also known as TB) is a common infection and a major cause of death in children. Effective treatment using a combination of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) medications saves lives, but dosages of these medications are not well established in children. Several research studies have shown that the recommended dosages of the anti-TB medications in children do not lead to adequate blood levels to kill the bacteria in some children. This situation may lead to treatment failure and emergence of drug resistance. As a result, the world Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended increased dosages for all the TB medications in children. This study is being conducted to find out if the increased dosages of the anti-TB drugs are safe and lead to adequate drug levels in the blood of children with TB with or without HIV infection.
The purposes of this study 1. to compare the positivity of tuberculin skin test(TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G), and determine the level of agreement between two tests in patients with rheumatic diseases 2. to evaluate the difference in the occurrence of active TB in patients who receive both QFT-G and TST compared with those who receive only TST for detecting of Latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI) who are candidates of TNF inhibitors.
1. To investigate the difference of PE inflammation/apoptosis-associated markers between TB pleurisy and non-TB pleurisy 2. To investigate the difference of neutrophil apoptosis in exudative PE between TB pleurisy and non-TB pleurisy 3. To investigate the change of apoptosis pattern of PE neutrophil, before and after TB antigen stimulation, and compare the difference between TB pleurisy and non-TB pleurisy 4. To investigate diagnostic aid of the inflammation/apoptosis-associated markers and apoptosis pattern of PE neutrophil for tuberculous pleurisy
To follow-up the latent tuberculosis infection and evaluate the risk of developing active tuberculosis in patients with severe chronic kidney disease or receiving long-term dialysis