View clinical trials related to Toxoplasmosis.
Filter by:Toxoplasmosis is a common infection whose clinical severity can sometimes justify admission to intensive care, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study should make it possible to evaluate the impact of different anti-infective treatment regimens and to highlight clinical-biological and prognostic differences depending on the type of underlying immunosuppression.
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii. It affects up to one-third of the world's population Horizontal transmission is mostly caused by ingestion of tissue cysts in infected meat, or through consumption of food or drink contaminated with sporulated oocysts, while vertical transmission occurs due to primary acquired maternal infection throughout pregnancy.In immunocompetent hosts, acquired infection is asymptomatic in more than 80% of cases, or is associated with fever,cervical lymphadenopathy, or myalgia. In immunocompromised patients,toxoplasmosis is always life-threatening where toxoplasmic encephalitis is the most important presentation. Among those patients, the disease may be caused by a newly acquired infection, reactivation following cyst rupture, donation of a cyst-containing organ from a seropositive donor to a seronegative recipient, or reactivation of dormant infection in the recipient Patients with hematological malignancy (HM), including those with acute myelogenous leukemia, and those who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or treated with aggressive immunosuppressive regimens are at high risk of opportunistic infections The association between toxoplasmosis and cancers remains dual. Most cancer patients are in a state of impaired cellular and humoral immune systems either from the primary disease, or from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy administration. Chemotherapeutic drugs work by killing both fast growing cancer cells, and healthy white blood cells causing neutropenia. So, patients receiving chemotherapy are more susceptible to Toxoplasma infections. Many studies have reported that the rate of reactivation of a latent T. gondii infection was higher in different types of cancers particularly those of the eye, brain, blood and breast. On the other side, T. gondii was also implicated as possible oncogenic pathogen with suggested role in induction and progression of malignant diseases. This was explained by many theories such as preventing apoptosis, enhancing the motility of dendritic cells and macrophages.
The investigators propose a fast and inexpensive procedure to determine the prevalence of the Toxoplasmosis infection (Toxoplasma Gondii) in the general population, using response times in a cognitive task instead of costly medical tests. Therefore, the investigators aim to measure the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and its socio-economic consequences in the general population.
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The Toxoplasma gondii parasite causes toxoplasmosis. It is characterized by persistent cysts mostly localised in the brain and ocular areas. In the case of immunodeficiency, those cysts are likely to reactivate. During pregnancy, an infection exposes the foetus to a variety of consequences, from severe neurologic lesions to subclinical forms at birth. However, those forms are likely to complicate at any age to toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, that can unpredictably recur with severe functional consequences. Pregnancy may stimulate lesions or their recurrences, putting the foetus at risk of contamination because of the release of tachyzoites in the bloodstream. The occurrence of these complications is poorly known, especially with congenital toxoplasmosis. Nevertheless, this information is essential to take care of patients, particularly women with congenital toxoplasmosis, usually worried about the consequences of a pregnancy. As a precaution, women with congenital toxoplasmosis follow a specific ophthalmologic, and trimonthly monitoring, composed of fundus examinations during pregnancy and in postpartum. To eliminate the contamination risk, serological examinations at birth and one year later are done on their kids. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis during pregnancy and the impact on their children. Retrospective and prospective data from the Lyon Cohort of Maternal and Congenital Toxoplasma Infections will be used. As a result of to this study, the investigators expect to provide better information to women suffering from congenital toxoplasmosis about their own ocular safety during pregnancy, and the safety of their child(ren). The investigators seek to provide new national and international recommendations about these patients and their children's care.
I. Evaluation of T. gondii infection in cancer patients using different serological markers. II. Studying genetic lineages infecting cancer patients in Sohag Governorate to predict clinical course and therapeutic needs using B1 and RE genes.
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat and / or by poorly washed vegetables. It can be transmitted from the pregnant woman to the fetus when infection occurs during pregnancy leading to congenital toxoplasmosis. Once infected, it is considered that the subject harbors cyst forms of the parasite in the muscles and brain for life with a risk of reactivation when immunocompromised. Recently, questions have been raised about the persistence of these cysts. Currently, only serological diagnosis can demonstrate the infection. This is done by detecting IgM and IgG directed against the parasite. Although humoral immunity is useful to diagnose toxoplasmosis, the cellular immunity is responsible of the main protective role during infection with the secretion of cytokines such as gamma interferon. In some situations, the serological diagnosis is limited: in immunocompromised subjects, some immunocompetent patients, in children with congenital toxoplasmosis, in which the anti T. gondii antibodies are no longer detectable. In order to have a true evaluation of the capacities of the immune system of each individual against T. gondii infection, it is necessary to evaluate the effector immune cells. The main objective of this protocol is to set up a cellular test with the stimulation of lymphocyte by T. gondii. For this objective, 20 subjects (10 positive, 10 negative for Toxoplasmosis serology) will be included. The secondary objective will be to compare the cellular diagnosis (evaluation by ELISA of the secretion of gamma interferon in the supernatant of cells stimulated by the Ag) with the serological diagnosis (IgG and IgM Alinity Abbott and Western blot LD Bio) in 3 groups of 10 patients: chronically infected patients, uninfected patients, patients with congenital toxoplasmosis as well as to assess the persistence or not of cellular and humoral immunity against T. gondii in 10 patients who had acute toxoplasmosis with a known date infection more than 10 years. Thus, 60 patients will be included for a total study period of 24 months. This study will thus allow the sponsor to have a clear understanding whether a subject is able or not to react against T. gondii infection.
Toxoplasma gondii infects over one third of the global human population. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients resulting in up to 50% of mortality with proper treatment and 80% without it. The fatality mainly due to the brain edema resulted from the mass effect lesion. In addition of anti toxoplasmosis given, adjunctive therapy such as steroid is recommended in order to reduce brain edema, but the dose and duration of administration in cerebral toxoplasmosis has not been evaluated in a clinical trial. Adjunctive therapy given in cerebral toxoplasmosis patients still remains unclear. Moreover, its safety in immunodeficiency cases is still debatable.
Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious uveitis worldwide. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is primarily clinical when it is a typical presentation .With an atypical presentation in the fundus, parasitological diagnosis is a decisive contribution, as well as multimodal imaging. We investigate on vitreal, retinal, and choroidal morphologic changes in active and scarred toxoplasmosis lesions using swept source optical coherence tomography.
HIV patients are likely to suffer from opportunistic infections, in absence of highly active retroviral therapy. This happens due to lack of awareness of HIV status among patients or unresponsive to anti retroviral drugs. This study is for the prevalence of AIDS defining OIs among treatment naive HIV patients.