View clinical trials related to Substance Use.
Filter by:An experiment to test the effectiveness of providing monetary bonuses to staff for achieving pre-defined performance targets regarding the implementation of a motivational interviewing-based brief intervention for substance use.
Across the US, substance use is a significant public health concern, with juvenile justice (JJ)-involved youth representing a particularly vulnerable population. The current study proposes to adapt and test an intervention Trust-based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) for preventing initiation and/or escalation of opioid misuse among older adolescents involved in the JJ system. Successful completion of study aims will provide information on TBRI's utility for older JJ adolescents, barriers and facilitators of sustainment, and provide training and implementation support for sustainment in participating facilities.
This project will pilot test a computer-assisted social network intervention, using motivational interviewing techniques, that can help case managers work with formerly homeless young adults who recently transitioned to supportive housing to reduce substance use and increase permanent supportive connections during this critical transitional period.
Specific Aim 1: Conduct a pilot, small-scale randomized controlled trial to examine feasibility and preliminary efficacy of LTW, compared to TAU. Outcomes related to feasibility include percentage of eligible patients recruited, study attrition, study retention, and mental health and substance use treatment appointment attendance. Outcomes related to preliminary efficacy will include participation in screening, referral and treatment as well as reduction in mental health and substance use at 1 and 3 months post-study enrollment, compared to TAU. Specific Aim 2: Conduct a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of LTW, compared to TAU. Outcomes related to effectiveness include attendance to treatment as well as reduction in mental health and substance use at 1 and 3 months post-study enrollment, compared to TAU.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major public health concern that disproportionately effects minorities and those with low-socioeconomic status, such as homeless women, creating a critical health disparity. PTSD has been linked with dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) functioning and increased inflammation, which can lead to long-term physical-health problems and PTSD-symptom maintenance, exacerbating disparities. Mindfulness-based interventions, including Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR), have shown promise as a complementary tool for addressing PTSD in veterans and with low-income, minority populations, but homeless women have not been examined adequately. MBSR may improve PTSD symptomatology and help modulate the dysregulated stress response common in individuals with PTSD, improving physical and mental health concurrently. This project is an open-label, parallel, modified-cross over clinical trial of a modified-MBSR intervention to reduce PTSD symptoms in homeless women and to explore physiological correlates of treatment-response. Hypotheses: 1. Participation in an MBSR-based intervention will be associated with clinically significant reduction in PTSD (primary outcome), lower depression symptoms and greater drug and alcohol abstinence (secondary outcomes) compared to participation in an attention control. 2. Compared to an attention control, participants in an MBSR-based intervention group will demonstrate improvements in cortisol reactivity and lower inflammation. At baseline, women will complete psychosocial assessments (e.g., depression, substance use, trauma history) and participate in a brief stress task, providing salivary samples before and after the task (which will be assayed for cortisol and C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation). Women will then participate in 1) a 9-session MBSR-based program that was modified based on an initial qualitative component that involved a Community Advisory Board and focus groups with women from the community (N=4 focus groups; 28 women total) or 2) a nine-session health-promotion course (i.e., attention-control condition). Follow-up assessments that include psychosocial and biological data will occur immediately after final intervention session and again 6-months later. Clinically-meaningful improvements in PTSD (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes (e.g., depression, substance use, inflammation, cortisol reactivity) will be examined.
This 3-arm study compares the effectiveness of an (1) 8-week mindfulness-based intervention, MBCT-R (Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Resilience During COVID-19)+CHA MindWell vs. (2) iCBT (internet based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)+ CHA MindWell vs. (3) CHA MindWell remote monitoring and telephone coaching alone on depressive symptoms as measured over the course of 24-weeks by the computerized adaptive mental health (CAT-MH) interview for depression (CAT-DI). Secondary outcomes include rates and levels of alcohol and drug use, as well as the number of required mental health clinician visits (televisits and in-person visits). Exploratory outcomes include stress-related affect reactivity and salivary inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-6).
This project is designed to test the Coalition Check-Up (CCU)-a theory-based and data-driven technical assistance (TA) system that supports community coalitions' implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs) for drug prevention. The primary aims of the project are to: 1) Estimate the impact of the CCU on coalition capacity. Coalitions will be randomly assigned to the CCU or a 'TA as usual' condition to evaluate whether the CCU improves coalition capacity as measured by coalition member reports of team processes, network composition, and collaborative structure. 2) Estimate the impact of the CCU on implementation of evidence-based programs. The study will test the hypothesis that coalitions receiving the CCU will implement EBPs with greater: a) quantity, b) quality, and c) sustainability. The study will also test coalition capacity as a mediator of CCU impact on EBP implementation. 3) Estimate the impact of the CCU on youth substance use. The study will test the hypothesis that communities receiving the CCU will reduce youth substance use relative to communities in the comparison condition. The study will also test EBP implementation as a mediator of CCU impact on youth substance use.
The current study will examine both the feasibility and efficacy of a single session, web-based mindfulness-based intervention for smoking cessation. The study will explore (1) participants' subjective experiences of the intervention, (2) cravings and negative affect both before and after the intervention, and (3) changes in tobacco use one week and one month following the initial intervention. Further, the study will examine how often participants utilize the intervention between the initial study and follow-up periods.
Substance use and drug related disorders are important public health problems. Alcohol and illicit drug use account for 5.4% of the total burden of disease and the peak has been found in early adulthood (between ages 20 and 30 years). Substance use is one of the leading problems among Chilean adolescents. One out of four 8 th to 12 th graders have smoked cigarettes in the last month. A 35.6% of students (37%, girls; 34.2%, boys) between Year 8 and Year 12 have reported any alcohol use during the last month. It is worrying that a third of 14 years old students report using alcohol in the last month in Chile. Furthermore, two out of three who are using alcohol, report regularly using 5 or more drinks in a row during the last month. Cannabis use among young Chileans has increased in recent years. Today, one out of five students between Year 8 and Year 12 referred cannabis use during the last 30 days. Almost a 20% of students in Year 8 have used cannabis in the last year. Therefore, is urgent to provide evidence-based drug preventive interventions to the Chilean population, specifically to school students, to tackle this problem and reduce the risk for a more dramatic future health scenario. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the cultural adaptation of "Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero" program. This is a pilot randomized controlled trial. The participants of this pilot were students attending six low-income primary schools in Santiago, Chile.
This project aims to enhance AN university students' behavioral health by supporting their cultural identity development. While the connection between cultural identity and behavioral health is becoming clearer, comparably less research has explored methods of enhancing identity development. Consequently, the investigators will pilot a cultural identity development program for AN students at the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA). This intervention is based on extant scientific literature, local findings from focus group with AN students, and traditional wisdom from AN Elders. The eight-week Elder-facilitated program incorporates storytelling, experiential learning, connection, exploration, and sharing of identity, cultural strengths, life paths, and rootedness in who they are in order to remain grounded when they face changes and challenges. Approximately 40 to 50 AN university students will be recruited for the intervention. Participants will be randomized, with half the participants receiving the intervention in the Fall 2020 semester and half the students receiving the intervention in the Spring 2021 semester. We hypothesize that engaging in this intervention will strengthen AN students' cultural identities, strengths, and sense of community; improve their behavioral health, as evidenced in higher self-reported wellbeing, and lower substance use, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation symptoms; and support their academic persistence and achievement. Outcomes will be tested via mixed design analyses of covariance. Moreover, program feasibility will be examined through a process evaluation, which will entail thematic analyses of six focus groups with program participants (n=40-50) and with the Elders who facilitated the program (n=5).