View clinical trials related to Substance Abuse.
Filter by:The Health Behaviors in School-age Children (HBSC) study is a consortium of investigators from 40 predominantly European and North American countries who conduct a common survey of early adolescent health behaviors every 4 years. The survey gathers information about nutrition, dieting practices, physical activity, injuries, violence, relationships with family and friends, perceptions of school as a supportive environment, alcohol and tobacco use and drug use among adolescents, and about the communities in which students live. The U.S. sponsors of the survey are the National Institutes of Health and the Health Resources and Services Administration. This is the fourth survey done in the United States. The objectives of the international HBSC study are: - To assess the prevalence of early adolescent health behaviors - To identify psychosocial factors associated with adolescent behaviors - To provide an opportunity for analyses of cross-national comparisons - To provide an opportunity for analyses of trends in the U.S. and cross-nationally In addition to the above, the survey includes additional questions designed to provide information about areas of specific national interest, including the following: - To assess the association of school, family, peers, and other environmental factors on health behavior and health status - To assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with obesity, diet and physical activity - To assess the prevalence and identify factors associated with bullying and risk behaviors. This is the fourth U.S. administration of the HBSC survey, previously administered in 1997-1998, 2001-2002, and 2005-2006. About 16,000 students in grades 5 thorough 10 at randomly selected public and private schools across the United States complete a 30- 40-minute survey. The questionnaires are anonymous; students are instructed not to put their name on the survey. When they finish the survey, they place it in an envelope and seal it. The envelopes are then put in a box. Reports do not include the names of participating counties, cities, school districts, schools, or students. The information collected from U.S. school children is compared with similar information collected from school children in 40 other countries. The survey is used to help set national priorities for school and youth programs, as well as to monitor the progress of these programs.
This is a five-year prospective randomized trial comparing two intervention conditions designed to facilitate substance abuse treatment entry and enhance retention in order to reduce the behaviors associated with HIV and HCV risk among injection drug users (IDUs) and to improve client overall functioning. The overall goal of this project is to compare strengths-based case-management (CM) to an enhanced version of CM that uses case managers to facilitate a therapeutic alliance (CM/FTA) among out-of-treatment IDUs in Denver.
The aim of this study is to develop effective interventions for HIV-infected prisoners who are released to the community. The intervention that we will study will be directly observed therapy (DAART/DOT) and we will compare this to the current standard of care that involves self-administered therapy (SAT). All subjects will get transitional case management and all subjects with a prior history of opiate dependence will be offered opiate substitution therapy (buprenorphine or methadone). Hypotheses: - At the end of six months those receiving DAART will have a higher level of adherence to HAART as compared to the SAT group. - The DAART Intervention will result in subjects having lower viral loads and higher CD4 counts as compared to the SAT group. - At the end of six months, the DAART group will have a lower rate of recidivism to jail/prison as compared to the SAT group. - Over the year, the DAART group will be more likely to make repeated primary HIV care visits than the SAT group.
Alcohol and other drug use among youth is costly for communities. More research is needed about how to best support community based prevention programs and how community prevention expertise can inform the research process. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has funded a 5 year collaboration of the RAND Corporation, Search Institute and its training division, Vision Training Associates, Communities for Children and Youth, and the University of Southern Maine to implement and assess the impact on prevention coalitions, the combination of two complimentary, community-based interventions: Developmental Assets, which supports community mobilization and collaboration to promote positive youth development, and Getting To Outcomes (GTO), which enhances community capacity to complete critical prevention tasks (e.g., evaluation). The purpose of the project is to investigate: 1) How well is the Assets-GTO intervention delivered, how much is it used, and what coalitions think about it; 2) The extent to which the Assets-GTO approach enhances the prevention capacity (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) of individual coalition members and the quality of prevention performance; and 3) Whether enhanced prevention capacity improves alcohol and drug outcomes among youth. Twelve community-based prevention coalitions in Maine (part of Communities for Children and Youth) will participate. Six coalitions—determined at random—will receive manuals, training, and on-site technical assistance consisting of bi-Weekly meetings between A-GTO 4 ME! and key coalition staff. The other six coalitions will continue practice as usual, but will receive an abbreviated version of the Assets-GTO intervention near the end of the project. A Community Research Workgroup made of coalition representatives will review all aspects of the study and interim findings and facilitate dissemination on A-GTO 4 ME! The project will demonstrate and evaluate strategies to strengthen the prevention capacity of community organizations that can be used broadly across many types of programs.
The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of a woman-focused HIV prevention intervention combined with voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), compared to VCT only, and VCT combined with an attention-control nutrition intervention.
In this Stage 1 therapy development project, we plan to develop, formalize, and derive effect size estimates of a contingency management (CM) therapy that focuses on improving health, especially as related to increasing low intensity physical activities, such as walking, resistance training, and stretching. The Healthy Activities for Prize Incentives (HAPI) intervention will be targeted toward and tested within HIV-positive substance abusers who attend HIV drop-in centers. After initial therapy development in a Stage 1a pilot project with 9 patients, the therapy manuals and materials will be adapted and refined. In a Stage 1b controlled trial, we will recruit and randomize 70 substance abusing HIV-positive patients to (a) HAPI plus 12-step facilitation therapy or (b) contingency management for abstinence plus 12-step facilitation therapy. Each intervention will consist of one weekly individual therapy session for 16 weeks. All participants will provide urine and breath specimens twice weekly that will be tested for opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana and alcohol. Patients in both conditions will earn the chance to win prizes for submitting drug-negative specimens, and those randomized to the HAPI condition will also earn the chance to win prizes for engaging in healthy activities. Physical activity levels, drug use, psychological symptoms, and subjective and objective indicators of health (body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, viral load) will be measured pre-treatment and at months 2 and 4 (post-treatment), as well as at a 7-month (3 months after treatment) follow-up evaluation. Compared to those receiving 12-step facilitation with contingency management for abstinence, we expect that those in the HAPI condition will participate in more physical activities, decrease drug use to a greater extent, evidence reduced depression, and show trends toward improvements in health indices. If effect sizes in at least the small to medium range are noted across all domains, we will consider the therapy appropriate for further evaluation in a Stage 2 therapy development study.
The goal of this study was to determine whether a series of blood markers of alcohol use obtained from alcohol using pregnant women could help them to change their behavior.
The purpose of the study is to see if a brief computer program can help new mothers cut down or quit tobacco, alcohol, or drug use.
The purpose of this study is to find out more about how to provide effective further treatment for adolescents who have received six weeks of group therapy for substance-use problems and continue to use drugs. Treatments used in the study include a group therapy (MET/CBT), an individual therapy (CBT), and a family therapy (FFT). The study will look at whether abstinence or a very low level of use is a better guide for deciding whether further treatment is needed, how well different combinations of treatment work to reduce substance use, and whether it is possible to predict in advance which adolescents will respond best to which types of treatment. Study investigators expect that a treatment strategy using what is learned about these issues in the first half of the project to develop an "adaptive" treatment model will work better than a "fixed" treatment to reduce adolescent substance use.
The purpose of this study is to test different treatments to reduce relapse for drug-abusing adolescents who have completed family therapy. Adolescents receive 12 weeks of family therapy, designed to strengthen family relationships and develop skills for helping the adolescent avoid drug use. Then they are randomly assigned to receive one of three eight-week follow-up treatments: phone calls from a project therapist, group therapy, or a customized schedule of therapist visits with the adolescent, the adolescent's family and teachers, coaches, probation officers and others who can help the adolescent reach or maintain abstinence. Families are assessed using questionnaires and interviews before, during and after treatment, to provide information about family functioning, the adolescent's drug use, the adolescent's peers and other factors that may contribute to treatment success or failure. Adolescents also provide urine specimens for drug screening at assessment visits. Study investigators expect the study will show that a functional family environment and insulating adolescents from the influence of peers who use drugs will help prevent relapse for adolescents who have received family therapy.