Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) - changes from Baseline |
QOL-AD (R.G. Logsdon, 1996) is a 13-item self-report measure of quality of life (completed by older adult and adult child informant, who reports on parent's quality of life). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: Poor = 1, Fair = 2, Good = 3, Excellent = 4. Total score is the sum of all items (range: 13 to 54). Higher scores indicate greater quality of life. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - changes from Baseline |
GDS (Sheikh, J.I., & Yesavage, J.A., 1986) is a 15-item self-report measure of depression (completed by older adult). Items are rated "Yes" or "No" and are scored "1" if the response reflects depressive symptoms. Total score is the sum of all items (range: 0 to 15). Higher scores indicate greater depression. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (short form) - changes from Baseline |
The short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Hughes, Waite, Hawkley, & Cacioppo, 2008) is a 4-item scale widely used in field research with older adults, and adapted from the original scale (Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE, 1980). (Completed by the older adult and the adult child.) Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 1=Never, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Often. Total score is the sum of the 4 items (range: 4 to 16). Higher scores indicate greater loneliness. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) - changes from Baseline |
BIT (Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E., 2014) is a 10-item self-report measure of thriving (completed by the older adult and adult child). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1= Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5=Strongly Agree. Total score is the average of the 10 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater sense of thriving. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) - changes from Baseline |
The PSS short form (completed by older adult and adult child) is a 4-item scale adapted from the longer PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1=Never, 2=Almost never, 3=Sometimes, 4=Fairly often, 5=Very often. Total score is the average of the 4 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - changes from Baseline |
This scale includes 17-items from the longer PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen (1988). (Completed by the older adult and adult child.) Participants rate the degree to which they experienced positive and negative emotions during the past week. Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1=Not at all, 2=A little, 3=Moderately, 4=Quite a lot, 5=Extremely. Separate scores are computed for positive and negative emotion. Higher scores indicate greater positive/negative affect. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Mental Health Inventory (MHI) - changes from Baseline |
The MHI includes 8 items from the longer MHI (McHorney, Ware, & Raczek, 1993) to assess depression, anxiety, and vitality during the past week (completed by the older adult and adult child). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1= None of the time, 2= A little of the time, 3=some of the time, 4=most of the time, 5= All of the time. Total score is the average of all 8 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate better mental health. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised Short Form (CESD-R-10) - changes from Baseline |
CESD-R-10 (Björgvinsson, Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, McCoy, Aderka,2013) is a 10-item measure of depressive symptoms adapted from the longer CESD (completed by the adult child). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 0=Rarely or none of the time, 1=Some or a little of the time, 2=Occasionally or a moderate amount of the time, 3=All of the time. Total score is the sum of the 10 items, some reverse-scored (range: 0 to 30). |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Caregiver Guilt and Grief Scale - changes from Baseline |
This scale (completed by the adult child) includes 13-items adapted from the caregiver guilt and grief scales (Wells, Jorm, Jordan, & Lefroy, 1990). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1= Not at all, 2=A little, 3=A moderate amount, 4=A lot, 5=Almost unbearably. Total score is the average of the 13 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater caregiver guilt/grief. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Relational Burnout/Load Scale - changes from Baseline |
Relational burnout/load is assessed with 5 items from the Relational Load Scale (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by the adult child.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1=Strongly disagree 2=Disagree, 3=Neutral, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree. Total score is the average of the 6 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater sense of relational load/burnout. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale - changes from Baseline |
Relationship closeness is assessed with 4-items from the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2011). (Completed by the older adult and adult child). Items are rated on a 7-point scale: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Somewhat disagree, 4=Neutral, 5=Somewhat agree, 6=Agree, 7=Strong Agree. Total score is the average of the 4 items (range: 1 to 7). Higher scores indicated greater relationship closeness. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Communal Coping - changes from Baseline |
Communal coping is assessed with 3 items assessing feelings of unity when combatting stress (Afifi et al., 2019). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1=Strongly disagree 2=Disagree, 3=Neutral, 4=Agree, 5=Strongly agree. Total score is the average of the 3 items. Higher scores indicate greater sense of communal coping. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Primary |
Relationship satisfaction - changes from Baseline |
Global relationship satisfaction is assessed with 3 items adapted from Huston et al.'s (1986) relationship satisfaction scale (completed by the older adult and adult child). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1=not at all, 2=A little, 3=Somewhat, 4=Very, 5= Almost completely, 6=Completely. Total scores are the average of the 3 items (rage: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction. |
Baseline (1-week Pre-intervention), 1-week Post-intervention, 1-month Post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention |
|
| Secondary |
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) |
Positive and negative emotions experienced during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Rated on a scale from 1 to 5, and separate indexes are computed for positive emotion and negative emotion. Higher scores represent greater positive and negative emotion. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for overall measures of positive/negative affect experienced during the intervention. |
Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
|
| Secondary |
Social and Conversational Engagement |
Rating of social engagement during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Items written for this study based on the funded pilot study. Higher scores represent greater engagement. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for an overall score of engagement during the intervention. |
Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
|
| Secondary |
Relationship satisfaction and Communication Quality |
Multiple items designed to assess features of relationship quality (older adult and adult child). Higher scores represent greater satisfaction and communication quality. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for an overall score of relationship satisfaction and communication quality during the technology sessions, during the intervention period. |
Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
|
| Secondary |
Telepresence and Copresence |
Rating of engagement and immersion during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Items written for this study based on the funded pilot study. Higher scores represent greater telepresence and co-presence. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for an overall score of telepresence and copresence experienced during the technology sessions. |
Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
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