Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial
Official title:
Predictive Value of Prostate-specific Antigen Isoform p2psa and Its Derivates, %p2psa and Prostate Health Index in the Detection of Prostate Cancer and in Predicting Aggressive Disease: a Prospective Study
In Europe, prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid neoplasm, with an incidence rate
of 214 cases per 1000 men, outnumbering lung and colorectal cancer. Early detection tests
have been developed in order to identify PCa while it is still confined to the prostate
gland.
The two most commonly used tests are digital rectal examination and serum prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) level: however, most of cases is detected in the so called T1c stage, i.e. for
PSA increasing only. As marker, PSA is organ-specific but not cancer-specific, and its
levels may change as result of physical activity, sexual activity, in the presence of benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), acute and chronic prostatitis, as well as in the presence of
PCa.
A total serum PSA of 4.0 ng/ml has traditionally been used as threshold for considering
prostate biopsy and large programs for the early detection of prostate cancer have shown
that almost 70% of cancer cases can be detected using a PSA cutoff of 4.0 ng/ml. However,
using a PSA threshold of 4.0 ng/ml 20% to 25% of prostate cancer cases are not detected
(false-negative) and the false-positive rate is 65%. To improve the usefulness of PSA for
identifying patients who require biopsy, the PSA threshold has been lowered at 2 ng/ml;
moreover, the levels of free and bound PSA have been assessed, together with PSA density
(the rate of PSA over the prostate volume) and PSA velocity (the rate of PSA increase),
which seem to have some validity for detecting prostate cancer.
Recent studies have shown that other new biomarkers could be used in the diagnosis of early
prostate cancer as they showed a higher sensitivity and specificity. In the last two years,
several investigators showed that PSA isoform [−2] proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives,
namely, percentage of p2PSA to free PSA (%p2PSA) and the Prostate Health Index [PHI; (p2PSA
/ free PSA) × √tPSA)] improve the accuracy of total PSA (tPSA) and percentage of free PSA
(%fPSA) in predicting the presence of PCa at prostate biopsy and they are also related to
PCa aggressiveness at biopsy.
The aim of this study is to confirm the diagnostic and prognostic predictive value of
prostate-specific antigen isoform p2psa and its derivates, %p2psa and prostate health index
in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with a PSA 2-10 ng/ml and/or suspicious DRE.
n/a
Observational Model: Case-Only, Time Perspective: Prospective
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