Radiation Therapy and Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial

Official title:

A PHASE III TRIAL COMPARING WHOLE PELVIC IRRADIATION FOLLOWED BY A CONEDOWN BOOST TO BOOST IRRADIATION ONLY AND COMPARING NEOADJUVANT TO ADJUVANT TOTAL ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION (TAS)

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00769548
• Other study ID #: RTOG-9413
• Secondary ID: CDR0000063822
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• First received: October 8, 2008
• Last updated: December 30, 2016
• Start date: April 1995
• Est. completion date: December 2016

Study information

• Verified date: December 2016
• Source: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Hormone therapy combined with radiation therapy may be a more effective treatment for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of four different combinations of radiation and hormone therapy in treating patients with prostate cancer.

Description:

OBJECTIVES: I. Examine whether total androgen suppression (TAS) with flutamide/goserelin and whole-pelvic irradiation followed by a cone-down boost to the prostate improves progression-free survival at 5 years by at least 10% compared to TAS and prostate-only irradiation in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate at significant risk of nodal involvement. II. Examine whether induction and concurrent (neoadjuvant) TAS and radiotherapy improves the progression-free survival at 5 years by at least 10% compared to adjuvant TAS and radiotherapy. III. Compare treatments with regard to local control, time to distant failure, and overall survival.

OUTLINE: Randomized study. Arm I: Neoadjuvant Antiandrogen Therapy with Radiotherapy. Flutamide, FLUT, NSC-147834; Goserelin, Zoladex, ZDX, NSC-606864; with irradiation of the whole pelvis followed by a boost to the prostate using photons of at least 6 MV. Arm II: Neoadjuvant Antiandrogen Therapy with Radiotherapy; FLUT; ZDX; with irradiation of the prostate using equipment as in Arm I. Arm III: Radiotherapy followed by Adjuvant Antiandrogen Therapy. Irradiation as in Arm I; followed by FLUT; ZDX. Arm IV: Radiotherapy followed by Adjuvant Antiandrogen Therapy. Irradiation as in Arm II; followed by FLUT; ZDX.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: 1,200 patients will be accrued over 2.5 years.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 1322
• Est. completion date: December 2016
• Est. primary completion date: April 2001
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Male
• Age group: N/A to 120 Years

Eligibility

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate Any stage with an estimated risk of node involvement at least 15% (and therefore at significant risk for local and/or systemic failure) based on pretreatment PSA and Gleason score (GS), e.g.: GS of 7 and PSA greater than 7.5 ng/mL GS of 6 and PSA greater than 22.5 ng/mL GS of 5 and PSA greater than 37.5 ng/mL PSA greater than 4 and less than 100 ng/mL Highest pretreatment value determined by a monoclonal assay that has a normal range of 0-4 ng/mL PSA measured by polyclonal assay (e.g., Yang) that has a normal range of 0-2.5 ng/mL may need to be divided by a conversion factor of approximately 1.5 GS determination required prior to entry No distant metastases No biopsy proven lymph node involvement Ineligible for protocol RTOG-9408 (clinical stages T2c-T4 with GS of 6 or higher are eligible for this study)

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: Any age Performance status: Karnofsky 70-100% Hematopoietic:

Not specified Hepatic: Liver function tests no greater than 1.2 times normal Renal: Not specified Other: No major medical or psychiatric illness that would prevent completion of treatment or interfere with follow-up No second malignancy within 5 years except superficial nonmelanomatous skin cancer

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: Not specified Chemotherapy: No prior chemotherapy Endocrine therapy: At least 90 days since testosterone At least 60 days since finasteride Radiotherapy: No prior radiotherapy Surgery: No more than 60 days since surgical staging No radical surgery or cryosurgery

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Prostate Cancer
• Prostatic Neoplasms

Intervention

Drug:
• flutamide
Drug used for TAS.
• goserelin acetate
Drug used for TAS.

Radiation:
• low-LET photon therapy
radiation therapy

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group	National Cancer Institute (NCI)

References & Publications (23)

Bahary J, Bae K, Taussky D, Roach M 3rd, Sandler HM, Shipley WU. Does timing of androgen deprivation influence radiation-induced toxicity? A secondary analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 9413. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jun 20;24(18_suppl):4655. — View Citation

Du KL, Bae K, Movsas B, Yan Y, Bryan C, Bruner DW. Impact of marital status and race on outcomes of patients enrolled in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group prostate cancer trials. Support Care Cancer. 2012 Jun;20(6):1317-25. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1219-4. — View Citation

Ganswindt U, Paulsen F, Corvin S, Eichhorn K, Glocker S, Hundt I, Birkner M, Alber M, Anastasiadis A, Stenzl A, Bares R, Budach W, Bamberg M, Belka C. Intensity modulated radiotherapy for high risk prostate cancer based on sentinel node SPECT imaging for target volume definition. BMC Cancer. 2005 Jul 28;5:91. — View Citation

Hamstra DA, Bae K, Pilepich MV, Hanks GE, Grignon DJ, McGowan DG, Roach M, Lawton C, Lee RJ, Sandler H. Older age predicts decreased metastasis and prostate cancer-specific death for men treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Dec 1;81(5):1293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.2004. Review. — View Citation

Johnke RM, Edwards JM, Evans MJ, Nangami GN, Bakken NT, Kilburn JM, Lee TK, Allison RR, Karlsson UL, Arastu HH. Circulating cytokine levels in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: influence of neoadjuvant total androgen suppression. In Vivo. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):827-33. — View Citation

Lawton CA, DeSilvio M, Roach M 3rd, Uhl V, Kirsch R, Seider M, Rotman M, Jones C, Asbell S, Valicenti R, Hahn S, Thomas CR Jr. An update of the phase III trial comparing whole pelvic to prostate only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen — View Citation

Millar J, Boyd R, Sutherland J. An update of the phase III trial comparing whole pelvic to prostate only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression: updated analysis of RTOG 94-13, with emphasis on unexpected hormone/radiation interactions: in regard to Lawton et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69:646-655.). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 May 1;71(1):316; author reply 316. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.01.009. — View Citation

Pan CC, Bae K, Hanks GE, et al.: Comparison of two types of biochemical failures within the ASTRO and Phoenix Consensus definitions in patients treated on RTOG 92-02 and 94-13. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66 (3 Suppl 1): A-2196, S318, 2006.

Paner GP, Bae K, Grignon DJ, et al.: Trends in Gleason grading of prostate cancer (PCa): analysis of reporting by institutional and central review pathologists in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) protocols spanning 17 years and 2094 needle biopsies (bxs). [Abstract] United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology 96th Annual Meeting, March 24-30, 2007, San Diego, CA. A-766, 2007.

Roach M 3rd, Bae K, Lawton C, Donnelly BJ, Grignon D, Hanks GE, Porter A, Lepor H, Venketesan V, Sandler H. Baseline serum testosterone in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Dec 1;78(5):1314-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.073. — View Citation

Roach M 3rd, DeSilvio M, Lawton C, Uhl V, Machtay M, Seider MJ, Rotman M, Jones C, Asbell SO, Valicenti RK, Han S, Thomas CR Jr, Shipley WS; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413.. Phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic versus prostate-only radiotherapy a — View Citation

Roach M 3rd, DeSilvio M, Valicenti R, Grignon D, Asbell SO, Lawton C, Thomas CR Jr, Shipley WU. Whole-pelvis, "mini-pelvis," or prostate-only external beam radiotherapy after neoadjuvant and concurrent hormonal therapy in patients treated in the Radiation — View Citation

Roach M 3rd. The role of PSA in the radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 1996 Aug;10(8):1143-53; discussion 1154-61. Review. — View Citation

Roach M III, DeSilvio M, Lawton C, et al.: Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) with whole-pelvic (WP) radiotherapy (RT) improves progression-free survival (PFS): RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) 9413, a phase III randomized trial. [Abstract] Proceed

Roach M III, Lu JD, Lawton C, et al.: A phase III trial comparing whole-pelvic (WP) to prostate only (PO) radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression (TAS): preliminary analysis of RTOG 9413. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys

Roach M, DeSilvio M, Thomas C Jr, et al.: Field size and progression free survival (PFS) after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) and radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer: secondary analysis of RTOG 9413. [Abstract] American Society of Clinical Oncology 2

Roach M, DeSilvio M, Thomas CR, et al.: Progression free survival (PFS) after whole-pelvic (WP) vs. mini-pelvic (MP) or prostate only (PO) radiotherapy (RT): a subset analysis of RTOG 9413, a phase III prospective randomized using neoadjuvant and concurre

Roach M, Moughan J, Movsas B, et al.: Socio-demographic predictors of biochemical failure and survival among high risk patients treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) prostate cancer trials: a meta-analysis. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66 (3 Suppl 1): A-1127, S204, 2006.

Rodrigues G, Bae K, Roach M, Lawton C, Donnelly B, Grignon D, Hanks G, Porter A, Lepor H, Sandler H. Impact of ultrahigh baseline PSA levels on biochemical and clinical outcomes in two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) prostate clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 20;27(15_suppl):5123. — View Citation

Rodrigues G, Bae K, Roach M, Lawton C, Donnelly B, Grignon D, Hanks G, Porter A, Lepor H, Sandler H. Impact of ultrahigh baseline PSA levels on biochemical and clinical outcomes in two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group prostate clinical trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jun 1;80(2):445-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.02.034. — View Citation

Taussky D, Bae K, Bahary J, et al.: Does testosterone influence radiation-induced toxicity In radiotherapy of the prostate? A secondary analysis of RTOG protocol 9413. [Abstract] Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66 (3 Suppl 1): A-2215, S329-30.

Taussky D, Bae K, Bahary JP, Roach M 3rd, Lawton CA, Shipley WU, Sandler HM. Does timing of androgen deprivation influence radiation-induced toxicity? A secondary analysis of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 9413. Urology. 2008 Nov;72(5):1125-9. — View Citation

Williams S, Wiltshire K. Updated analysis of RTOG 94-13: in regard to Lawton et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69:646-655). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 May 1;71(1):315; author reply 315-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.01.021. — View Citation

* Note: There are 23 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Progression-free survival (Arms 1, 3 vs. Arms 2, 4)		From randomization to the first occurrence of biochemical failure, clinical failure (local or distant), death from any cause, or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.	No
Secondary	Progression-free survival (Arms 1, 2 vs. Arms 3, 4)		From randomization to the first occurrence of biochemical failure, clinical failure (local or distant), death from any cause, or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.	No
Secondary	Local progression		From randomization to the date of local progression or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.	No
Secondary	Distant metastasis		From randomization to the date of metastatic disease or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.	No
Secondary	Overall survival		From the date of randomization to the date of death or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for 5 years.	No