View clinical trials related to Precancerous Conditions.
Filter by:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and its incidence has increased in recent years. Extensive surgery with neck dissection and chemo/radio/ targeted therapy is the current treatment for OSCC, and despite great progress in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy in the last three decades, the prognosis of OSCC is still poor due to aggressive local invasion and metastasis, which lead to recurrence. Postoperative tumor recurrence confers a poor prognosis in OSCC and a poor quality of life. The 5-year survival rate is over 90% in OSCC patients without recurrence and 30% in patients with recurrence, with a median survival of 76.8 months in patients without recurrence and 42.5 months in patients with recurrence . Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers that may predict the postoperative recurrence of OSCC. Also, some of the OSCC are preceded by precursor lesions. In the oral cavity the most common lesions recognized as potentially malignant are leukoplakia and erythroplakia, but it is also apparent that as many as 50% of OSCC arise from apparently clinically normal mucosa. The prognostic significance of an individual lesion is difficult to determine. At present therefore, the gold standard for the assessment of oral potentially malignant lesions is microscopic evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin stained sections for the presence of architectural and cytological changes, which are generally referred to as oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The human microbiome is defined as the collective genomes of the microbes (composed of bacteria, bacteriophages, fungi, protozoa and viruses) that live inside and on the human body, and there are approximately 10 microbes and 100 microbial genes for each human cell and gene respectively. With the advent of next generation sequencing technology, the Human Microbiome Project delineated the composition of healthy microbial communities associated to different body sites in healthy individuals, including the oral cavity [Human microbiome consortium]. As opposed to a normal (healthy) microbiome, a disrupted microbiome or dysbiosis represents the lack of equilibrium, and is hypothetically related to disease. Interestingly, the healthy oral microbiome shows relative intraindividual stability over time, suggesting that differences in microbiome profiles may serve as useful tools for the identification of disease states. The working hypothesis is that in OSCC patients, the oral microbiome is altered in comparison to healthy individuals and certain microbial signatures are characteristic of healthy versus disease. In addition, in precursor conditions, i.e., oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), a partial alteration in the composition of the microbiome may predict the progression to malignancy.Also, during treatment, it could be that specific microbial signatures are associated with incomplete eradication, tendency to local recurrence or metastatic potential.Correlations to local recurrence (LR), distant metastases (DM) or disease free survival (DFS) adjusted to clinicopathologic correlations will be sought. In this study, buccal mucosa samples will be collected from patients with OSCC, OED and from healthy individuals , after signing for informed consent, according to Helsinki protocol. Routine pathologic diagnosis will be performed by expert Pathology physicians in our center. Data will be correlated to demographic and clinical data obtained from medical records. This will be carried out in line with institutional ethical guidelines.
Oral cancer is a major health problem worldwide, accounting for 274,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually. On average, half of the patients die within 5 years of an oral cancer diagnosis. Most troubling, however, is the lack of significant change in prognosis for this disease over the last 4 decades, even in developed nations. Even when successful, treatment of oral cancer can be devastating due to diminished quality of life and disfigurement. The key to controlling this disease is early identification of lesions that are at high risk of progression and provide effective treatment. The overall objective of the team is to integrate clinical, pathological, molecular, and imaging data to create a robust oral cancer risk model to predict the risk of progression of OPLs and to develop population-wide cost-effective prevention strategies for high-risk oral premalignancies. The project will involve 4 specific aims as described in detail below. Aim 1. To use molecular data to stratify low-grade OPLs into high- and low-risk groups. Aim 2. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various follow-up frequency that use LOH at chromosome 9p21 as a risk marker. Aim 3: To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of using imaging technologies as a tool for the decision of the high-grade or high-risk biopsy site. Aim 4. To assess the clinical utility of a miRNA expression signature derived from serum collected from patients with oral cancer and OPLs.
This study is evaluating how ruxolitinib affects premalignant breast cells. One half of the study participants will receive ruxolitinib for approximately 15 days, and the other half will receive a placebo (sugar pill) for approximately 15 days. Once study participants have completed their ruxolitinib or placebo, participants will undergo surgery to remove the premalignant breast tissue.
To evaluate clinical outcome for patients receiving treatment of suspected premalignant and malignant gastrointestinal lesions at Interventional Endoscopy Services. The primary outcome is curative endoscopic resection. Secondary outcomes include resection technique utilized, rates of en bloc resection and adverse event rates, including infection, bleeding, perforation and death, and one-year survival rates.
The prevalence of endometrial polyp is 24% in the general population but is much higher in postmenopausal women. The incidence of malignant or pre-malignant findings in endometrial polyps ranges from 2 to 10% in menopausal women. Removal of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal symptomatic women is the standard of care, same goes for asymptomatic women with risk factors for endometrial malignancy, however treatment of asymptomatic postmenopausal women with endometrial polyp but no risk factors is disputable. In light of ambiguity in literature regarding the rate of malignant and pre-malignant findings in polyps in asymptomatic post-menopausal women, the investigators are asking to conduct a prospective study in order to evaluate and compare the incidence of malignant and pre-malignant changes in symptomatic and asymptomatic postmenopausal women with endometrial polyp
RATIONALE: A tethered capsule endoscope may be as effective as standard sedated endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in screening for Barrett esophagus. PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying how well a tethered capsule endoscope works in screening participants for Barrett esophagus.
RATIONALE: Studying samples of sputum and tissue in the laboratory from patients with dysplasia or cancer may help doctors identify and learn more about biomarkers related to cancer. It may also help the study of cancer in the future. PURPOSE: This laboratory study is looking at biomarkers in patients with respiratory tract dysplasia or lung cancer, head and neck cancer, or aerodigestive tract cancer.
RATIONALE: Studying samples of tissue, blood, urine, stool, and other biological fluids from patients with cancer and from healthy volunteers undergoing colonoscopy or endoscopy may help doctors identify and learn more about biomarkers related to cancer. PURPOSE: This research study is looking at gastrointestinal biomarkers in tissue and biological fluid samples from patients and participants undergoing colonoscopy, endoscopy, or surgery.
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs such as cidofovir may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving cidofovir together with radiation therapy and chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying the side effects and best dose of cidofovir in treating patients with stage IB, stage II, stage III, or stage IVA cervical cancer who are receiving chemotherapy together with radiation therapy.
RATIONALE: Giving chemotherapy, such as fludarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide, together with antithymocyte globulin before a donor stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cancer and abnormal cells. Giving chemotherapy before or after transplant also stops the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer and abnormal cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil after the transplant may stop this from happening. PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well stem cell transplant works in treating patients with hematological cancer or other disorders.