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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

NCT number NCT06390540
Other study ID # ANKARA-UNALS-001
Secondary ID
Status Not yet recruiting
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date May 1, 2024
Est. completion date March 30, 2025

Study information

Verified date April 2024
Source Ankara University
Contact SERAP CANLI
Phone +9005427897635
Email seunal@ankara.edu.tr
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Postpartum depression is a global mental health problem affecting 13 million women worldwide each year. It is defined as minor or major depression that occurs up to one year after birth and is estimated to affect 5 to 25% of mothers who have just given birth . Postpartum depression can cause negative consequences not only on the mother but also on the newborn and the whole family. The main goal in the postpartum period is to maintain the well-being of mother and baby. However, if a depression is experienced during this period, the main goal is to take action to reduce its severity. Exercise is a potentially promising method to prevent postpartum depression. However, more studies are needed to determine the effects of exercise on women who live in rural Türkiye and have limited access to health services. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of a mobile-based exercise program applied to women giving birth in rural areas on postpartum depression, mother-baby attachment and baby crying behavior.


Description:

Postpartum depression is a global mental health problem affecting 13 million women worldwide each year . It is defined as minor or major depression that occurs up to one year after birth and is estimated to affect 5 to 25% of mothers who have just given birth . Postpartum depression, often associated with periodic depressive episodes, is characterized by emotional lability, guilt, dysphoria, disorientation, and suicidal thoughts and can persist for a long time. Postpartum depression is recognized as an official diagnosis by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Disorders, 10th revision (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. While ICD-10 reports that the most critical period for diagnosing postpartum depression is within six weeks after birth, the American Psychiatric Association reported that episodes of postpartum depression can begin within four weeks after birth. Postpartum depression can also turn into permanent and long-term depression, which can increase the likelihood of recurrent episodes of depression in subsequent pregnancies. This is supported by evidence that women with a history of depressive illness are more likely to develop postpartum depression. Postpartum depression can cause negative consequences not only on the mother but also on the newborn and the whole family. Postpartum depression, in particular, has significant effects on mother-infant attachment; It also has negative effects on the mother learning how to care for her baby and transitioning into the parenting role. Postpartum depression can lead to early cessation of breastfeeding or breastfeeding problems; It may also cause the use of preventive health services and vaccination rates in children to be low. Impairments in social participation and emotional regulation, increased negative emotionality, and high cortisol reactivity may be observed in babies of mothers with depression. During the postpartum period, not only mothers but also their babies may show some behavioral reactions. One of these is crying. There are many possible causes of crying problems in babies, but none of them are certain. It has generally focused on conditions that cause excessive crying in the baby, such as immaturity of the intestinal flora, cow's milk allergy and intestinal microbiota composition. Many studies have raised the question of whether the cause may lie in maternal factors. Crying problems in babies have been associated with low maternal age and education level. Some researchers agree that crying problems arise from the complex mother-infant dyad, and it is well known that maternal postpartum depression and infant crying influence each other . Systematic reviews on this topic have generally found associations between the mother's mental problems (stress, anxiety, or depression) during pregnancy and the baby's regulatory problems, including crying. The main goal in the postpartum period is to maintain the well-being of mother and baby. However, if a depression is experienced during this period, the main goal is to take action to reduce its severity. Postpartum depression is a specific psychological disorder for which preventive interventions can provide dramatic benefits. In their meta-analysis study by It has been stated that practices such as cognitive behavioral therapies, social support groups, psycho-educational training, physical exercises, yoga, and lack of nutritional supplements are interventions that can be used to reduce the severity of postpartum depression.. Exercise is a potentially promising method to prevent postpartum depression. Since the aim of exercise is to improve or maintain one or more aspects of physical fitness, it is defined as a planned, systematic, repeated and purposeful action.Previous studies have provided compelling evidence regarding exercise in the postpartum period. It has been reported that exercises performed in the postpartum period provide psychosocial well-being, less anxiety and depression, better cardiovascular adaptation, body fat/weight control, less bone loss due to breastfeeding and less stress incontinence, and strengthen the bonding between mother and baby. Studies generally point to the importance of regular exercise in the postpartum period. However, the number of women exercising in the postpartum period is limited, and lack of access to affordable and appropriate activities is a perceived barrier to exercise. The increasing number of mobile-based applications in recent years offers affordable and accessible exercise applications. These apps use a variety of features, from tracking exercise activity to providing motivational messages. However, what is known about whether exercise practices improve health outcomes and, if so, the mechanisms of these effects is limited. Therefore, there is a need for more studies in this important area to determine the effects of exercise using new technologies as an alternative to face-to-face exercise programs, especially for women living in rural Türkiye and with limited access to health services. Women who give birth in Türkiye are followed up in the hospital for 24 hours and then followed up three times during the postpartum period at home or in Family Health Centers (FHC) within the scope of health services. Health professionals have a unique duty to follow up women in the postpartum period, identify women at risk for depression, and encourage mothers to use preventive practices such as exercise. It is very important for midwives and nurses to explain mobile-based exercise programs to prevent the development of depression, especially to women living in rural areas, in the postpartum period, to persuade women to participate in these programs, and to perform exercises regularly under the supervision of doctors and physiotherapists in terms of protecting the health of women and their families. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of a mobile-based exercise program applied to women giving birth in rural areas on reducing the severity of postpartum depression, mother-baby bonding, and baby crying behavior.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Not yet recruiting
Enrollment 80
Est. completion date March 30, 2025
Est. primary completion date November 30, 2024
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender Female
Age group 18 Years to 45 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: 1. Having had a singleton pregnancy, 2. Not having a history of serious illness/chronic disease, 3. Not being restricted from exercising by the physician, 4. Having given birth at term (37-42 weeks of pregnancy), 5. Being within the first 6 months after birth, 6. Having a healthy baby, 7. Knowing how to read and write Turkish and understanding it, 8. Having the skills to use phones, tablets, computers and mobile applications, 9. Not having any problems that would prevent communication, 10. Agreeing to participate in the research. - Exclusion Criteria: 1. Having a history of multiple pregnancy, 2. Being taking medication for the treatment of illness or chronic disease, 3. Exercising regularly, 4. Having a premature baby (<37 weeks of gestation), 5. Having a history of illness in the baby, 6. Not having a phone, tablet or computer, 7. Not agreeing to participate in the research. -

Study Design


Intervention

Other:
Exercise
During the training, verbal information will be given about the importance of exercise, exercise barriers, and the potential benefits of exercise on the mother and baby in the postpartum period. In the training, the points that the mother should pay attention to before exercise will also be discussed. In the following process, videos containing deep breathing and relaxation exercises will be sent to women. The videos will be recorded by the researchers at Ankara University Physiotherapy application laboratory. Recording videos will be delivered to women through social networks. Women will be allowed to do these exercises for a total of 8 weeks.

Locations

Country Name City State
n/a

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Ankara University republic of turkey ministry of health

References & Publications (39)

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Coll CVN, Domingues MR, Stein A, da Silva BGC, Bassani DG, Hartwig FP, da Silva ICM, da Silveira MF, da Silva SG, Bertoldi AD. Efficacy of Regular Exercise During Pregnancy on the Prevention of Postpartum Depression: The PAMELA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jan 4;2(1):e186861. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6861. — View Citation

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Forsyth J, Boath E, Henshaw C, Brown H. Exercise as an adjunct treatment for postpartum depression for women living in an inner city-A pilot study. Health Care Women Int. 2017 Jun;38(6):635-639. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2017.1295049. Epub 2017 Feb 14. — View Citation

Hoifodt RS, Nordahl D, Pfuhl G, Landsem IP, Thimm JC, Ilstad LKK, Wang CEA. Protocol for the Northern babies longitudinal study: predicting postpartum depression and improving parent-infant interaction with The Newborn Behavioral Observation. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 27;7(9):e016005. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016005. — View Citation

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Ko YL, Yang CL, Chiang LC. Effects of postpartum exercise program on fatigue and depression during "doing-the-month" period. J Nurs Res. 2008 Sep;16(3):177-86. doi: 10.1097/01.jnr.0000387304.88998.0b. — View Citation

Korja R, Nolvi S, Grant KA, McMahon C. The Relations Between Maternal Prenatal Anxiety or Stress and Child's Early Negative Reactivity or Self-Regulation: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2017 Dec;48(6):851-869. doi: 10.1007/s10578-017-0709-0. — View Citation

Larson-Meyer DE. Effect of postpartum exercise on mothers and their offspring: a review of the literature. Obes Res. 2002 Aug;10(8):841-53. doi: 10.1038/oby.2002.114. — View Citation

Litman L, Rosen Z, Spierer D, Weinberger-Litman S, Goldschein A, Robinson J. Mobile Exercise Apps and Increased Leisure Time Exercise Activity: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of the Role of Self-Efficacy and Barriers. J Med Internet Res. 2015 Aug 14;17(8):e195. doi: 10.2196/jmir.4142. — View Citation

Liu X, Wang G, Cao Y. Physical exercise interventions for perinatal depression symptoms in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2022 Dec 13;13:1022402. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022402. eCollection 2022. — View Citation

Loughman A, Quinn T, Nation ML, Reichelt A, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Sung V, Tang MLK. Infant microbiota in colic: predictive associations with problem crying and subsequent child behavior. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2021 Apr;12(2):260-270. doi: 10.1017/S2040174420000227. Epub 2020 Apr 13. — View Citation

McCurdy AP, Boule NG, Sivak A, Davenport MH. Effects of Exercise on Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms in the Postpartum Period: A Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jun;129(6):1087-1097. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002053. — View Citation

McRury JM, Zolotor AJ. A randomized, controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to reduce crying among infants. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010 May-Jun;23(3):315-22. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.03.090142. — View Citation

Mohd Shukri NH, Wells J, Eaton S, Mukhtar F, Petelin A, Jenko-Praznikar Z, Fewtrell M. Randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a breastfeeding relaxation intervention on maternal psychological state, breast milk outcomes, and infant behavior and growth. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;110(1):121-130. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz033. — View Citation

Muller ME. A questionnaire to measure mother-to-infant attachment. J Nurs Meas. 1994 Winter;2(2):129-41. — View Citation

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Saligheh M, McNamara B, Rooney R. Perceived barriers and enablers of physical activity in postpartum women: a qualitative approach. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Jun 2;16(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0908-x. — View Citation

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Tonei V. Mother's mental health after childbirth: Does the delivery method matter? J Health Econ. 2019 Jan;63:182-196. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.11.006. Epub 2018 Dec 7. — View Citation

Wu YM, McArthur E, Dixon S, Dirk JS, Welk BK. Association between intrapartum epidural use and maternal postpartum depression presenting for medical care: a population-based, matched cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018 Aug;35:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Apr 21. — View Citation

Zhou C, Hu H, Wang C, Zhu Z, Feng G, Xue J, Yang Z. The effectiveness of mHealth interventions on postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Telemed Telecare. 2022 Feb;28(2):83-95. doi: 10.1177/1357633X20917816. Epub 2020 Apr 19. — View Citation

* Note: There are 39 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Other Chance from Baseline in baby criying Baby Cry Diary at Week 8 The Infant Cry Diary is a self-reported tool that assesses infant crying over a 24-hour period. Baseline and 8 week
Primary Chance from Baseline in Depression on the 30-point Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale at Week 8 The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing average depression intensify postpartum period. Possible scores range from 0 (no depression) to 30 (depression).
The scale consists of 10 questions in total. Each question provides a four-point Likert type measurement. The items in questions 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the scale are scored as 3, 2, 1, 0 and gradually indicates decreasing intensity. The scoring of the items in questions 1, 2 and 4 is in the form of 0, 1, 2, 3, indicating increasing severity. By summing these items, the total score of the scale is obtained. The lowest total score that can be obtained on the scale is 0 and the highest is 30.
Baseline and 8 week
Secondary Chance from Baseline in Mother-baby attachment on the 104-point Maternal Attachment Scale at Week 8 The Maternal Attachment Scale is a validated, self-reported instrument assessing average attachment with maternal love. Possible scores range from 26 (low attachment) to 104 (high attachment).
The Maternal Attachment scale is a 4-point Likert type scale with 26 questions. The items in the scale consist of the options "never-1 point", "sometimes-2 points", "often-3 points", "always-4 points". Each item in the scale consists of a positive structure and is scored. The maximum score that women can get from the scale is "104" and the minimum score is "26". The highest score obtained from the scale is maternal in women. The lowest score indicates that maternal attachment is low in women.
Baseline and 8 week
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