View clinical trials related to Pneumonia.
Filter by:Background and Objectives: There is a need to validate and suggest easy and less costly diagnostic method for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in developing country. The study was performed to compare available methods for the diagnosis and to characterize the organisms causing VAP. Design and Methods: All patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours and simplified CPIS ≥ 6 were enrolled prospectively. Four diagnostic procedures, endotracheal aspiration (ETA), blind bronchial sampling (BBS), blind bronchoalveolar lavage (blind BAL) and bronchoscopic BAL (BAL) were performed in same sequence within 12 hours. The bacterial density ≥ 104 cfu/ mL BAL samples were taken as reference standard.
Title: Impact of daily zinc supplementation to infants born with low birth weight on mortality and severe disease requiring hospitalization Background: Zinc supplementation was shown to prevent diarrhea and pneumonia in 6 month to 3 year old children. Little is known about the impact of zinc supplementation of low birth weight (LBW) babies during first 6 months of life. Objective: The objectives were to determine the impact of daily zinc administration at 1RDA (5 mg) of elemental zinc to LBW infants on severe morbidity requiring hospitalization and on all cause mortality. Design: In a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial 2012 hospital-born infants with a birth weight <2500 g were randomly assigned to receive zinc or placebo for 6 months. Zinc group received 5 mg elemental zinc as acetate daily from 4 weeks age. Cause specific hospitalization deaths, episodes of diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, other illness, visits to health care providers and hospital OPDs were ascertained by in-depth interview and from documents like prescriptions, hospital tickets, medicine cartons at 3 and 6 months of age. Results: Number of infants with one or more diarrhea episodes was less by 17% (95% CI: 1% to 35%) in the zinc group but the numbers for ARI were similar in the two groups. The hospitalization rates due to all causes or diarrhea or ARI were similar in the two groups. Twelve in the zinc group and 9 in the placebo group died during 4 weeks to 6 months (p=0.36). We observed no significant difference for gain in weight and length at 3 months and 6 months between the groups. In a subgroup of infants the mean serum zinc concentration in the zinc group was 27% higher (p=0.004) than the placebo group. Conclusion: Hospital born, low birth weight infants do not seem to derive worthwhile benefit from daily zinc supplementation of recommended dietary allowance for zinc in terms of morbidity and growth during first six months of life.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the leading cause of death among all nosocomial infections in ventilated patients. Once intubated, the risk of pneumonia in hospitalized patients is increased 3-10 fold; almost 90% of hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs in intubated patients. Each episode of VAP is associated with 7-9 days of additional hospital stay with an estimated increase in cost of care that exceeds $40,000. In an effort to control VAP, several studies were conducted including oral and gastric decontamination with antibiotics, rotation of the bed, and local instillation of antibiotics via endotracheal tube. Despite such efforts, VAP is still a major complication for intubated patients. The effect of gravity on bacterial colonization of the endotracheal tube was recently explored in an animal study that was conducted at the United States National Institutes of Health. The study demonstrated a significantly lower tracheal colonization and decreased alveolar contamination in ventilated sheep when positioned on their side allowing for tracheal drainage by gravity. Such findings have not been validated in clinical practice and the need for clinical trials studying the effect of lateral positioning have been demanded. Therefore, we aimed our randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that intubated infants who are positioned on their side are at lower risk for contracting microbes in their trachea when compared to those in a supine position.
The purpose of this study is to assess the immunogenicity in terms of antibody response and the safety/reactogenicity in terms of solicited and unsolicited symptoms and serious adverse events following primary vaccination of Mexican infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine GSK 1024850A co-administered with a diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTPa)-combined vaccine (Infanrix hexa) and rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) in children during the first 6 months of age.
Primary Objective: To evaluate the impact of PCV7 vaccination on NP carriage rate of vaccine serotypes and serotype distribution Secondary Objective: To evaluate the impact of PCV7 vaccination on NP carriage of antibiotic resistant pneumococci and serotype distribution.
Primary Objective: Evaluation of the - Carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of children Secondary Objective: - Carriage rate and distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes - Estimation of prevalence rate of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains - Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus strain - The influence of risk factors in the Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage rate in children
The proposed study aims to provide current information, etiology and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), risk factors for for CAP in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influencae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella. Risk factors, including patient demographics, comorbid illnesses, setting of presentation, causative organisms, antibiotic history, and resistance profiles will be assessed and outcome will be recorded.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether dexamethasone reduces the length of hospital stay in patient with a community-acquired pneumonia.
The aim of the study is to investigate the bacterial causes in community acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital in two counties in Norway and to look at possible factors that makes the patients susceptible to pneumonia.
This is a study in a large number of healthy children less than 3 years old to measure the efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate candidate vaccine (Synflorix vaccine, or GSK1024850A) to prevent cases of pneumonia (lung infection) likely caused by bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae) or cases of otitis media (ear infection) in children under 3 years old.