Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimens for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Clinical Trial

Official title:

Reduced Intensity Conditioning With Fludarabine and Busulfan Versus Fludarabine and Melphalan Before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Randomised, Single-Center, Phase III Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05674539
• Other study ID #: WHUH-RIC-HSCT-1115
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: December 28, 2022
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: December 2022
• Source: Wuhan Union Hospital, China
• Contact: Linghui Xia, Professor
• Phone: 00-86-18627733999
• Email: linghuixia[@]hust.edu.cn
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare outcomes of two reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (fludarabine plus busulfan and fludarabine plus melphalan) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• The safety of two reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (fludarabine plus busulfan and fludarabine plus melphalan) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML/MDS patients with HCT-CI≥3 or aged ≥55 years.

• The efficacy of two reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (fludarabine plus busulfan and fludarabine plus melphalan) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML/MDS patients with HCT-CI≥3 or aged ≥55 years.

Participants will be randomized to one of two reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (fludarabine plus busulfan and fludarabine plus melphalan)

Description:

Patients are randomized to one of two reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens: the combination of fludarabine (30 mg/m^2/day, days -6 to days -2, the total dase is 150 mg/m^2) and busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day, days -3 to days -2, the total dose is 6.4 mg/kg) (Flu/Bu) or fludarabine (30 mg/m^2/day, days -6 to days -2, the total dose is 150 mg/m^2) and melphalan (70 mg/m^2/day, days -3 to days -2, the total dose is 140 mg/m^2) (Flu/Mel). A total of 200 patients (100 to each arm) will be recruited in this study over a period of two years. Patients will be followed for up to 18 months from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 200
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: January 15, 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age equal or more than 18 years old.

• Patients diagnosed with AML or MDS.

• Patients who have related or unrelated bone marrow or peripheral blood donors and plan to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• Hct-specific complication index score (HCT-CI) more than or equal to 3 or the age of Patients =55 years.

• Sign the informed consent, promise to abide by the research procedures, and cooperate with the implementation of the whole process of the research.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with central nervous system involvement.

• Patients with HIV seropositive.

• Patients with other serious diseases and a life expectancy of less than six months

• Patients with severe mental or psychological disorders.

• Patients without written informed consent.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult
• Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
• Leukemia
• Leukemia, Myeloid
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome(MDS)
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Preleukemia
• Syndrome

Intervention

Drug:
• Fludarabine and Busulfan
Fludarabine with total dose of 150 mg/m^2 in combination with Busulfan with total dose of 6.4 mg/kg
• Fludarabine and Melphalan
Fludarabine with total dose of 150 mg/m^2 in combination with Melphalan with total dose of 140 mg/m^2

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology	Wuhan	Hubei

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Wuhan Union Hospital, China

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (15)

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Damlaj M, Alkhateeb HB, Hefazi M, Partain DK, Hashmi S, Gastineau DA, Al-Kali A, Wolf RC, Gangat N, Litzow MR, Hogan WJ, Patnaik MM. Fludarabine-Busulfan Reduced-Intensity Conditioning in Comparison with Fludarabine-Melphalan Is Associated with Increased Relapse Risk In Spite of Pharmacokinetic Dosing. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016 Aug;22(8):1431-1439. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.04.026. Epub 2016 May 7. — View Citation

DiMaggio E, Zhou JM, Caddell R, Tombleson R, Perkins J, Anasetti C, Khimani F, Pidala J, Nishihori T, Perez L, Betts B, Fernandez HF, Mishra A. Reduced-intensity fludarabine/melphalan confers similar survival to busulfan/fludarabine myeloablative regimens for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020 Jul;61(7):1678-1687. doi: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1731498. Epub 2020 Mar 5. — View Citation

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Liu H, Zhai X, Song Z, Sun J, Xiao Y, Nie D, Zhang Y, Huang F, Zhou H, Fan Z, Tu S, Li Y, Guo X, Yu G, Liu Q. Busulfan plus fludarabine as a myeloablative conditioning regimen compared with busulfan plus cyclophosphamide for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective and multicenter study. J Hematol Oncol. 2013 Feb 8;6:15. doi: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-15. — View Citation

Luger SM, Ringden O, Zhang MJ, Perez WS, Bishop MR, Bornhauser M, Bredeson CN, Cairo MS, Copelan EA, Gale RP, Giralt SA, Gulbas Z, Gupta V, Hale GA, Lazarus HM, Lewis VA, Lill MC, McCarthy PL, Weisdorf DJ, Pulsipher MA. Similar outcomes using myeloablative vs reduced-intensity allogeneic transplant preparative regimens for AML or MDS. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2012 Feb;47(2):203-11. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2011.69. Epub 2011 Mar 28. — View Citation

Scott BL, Pasquini MC, Logan BR, Wu J, Devine SM, Porter DL, Maziarz RT, Warlick ED, Fernandez HF, Alyea EP, Hamadani M, Bashey A, Giralt S, Geller NL, Leifer E, Le-Rademacher J, Mendizabal AM, Horowitz MM, Deeg HJ, Horwitz ME. Myeloablative Versus Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Apr 10;35(11):1154-1161. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.7091. Epub 2017 Feb 13. — View Citation

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Shimoni A, Hardan I, Shem-Tov N, Rand A, Herscovici C, Yerushalmi R, Nagler A. Comparison between two fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning regimens before allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: fludarabine/melphalan is associated with higher incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease and non-relapse mortality and lower incidence of relapse than fludarabine/busulfan. Leukemia. 2007 Oct;21(10):2109-16. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404886. Epub 2007 Aug 9. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 15 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Percentage of Participants With Neutrophil and Platelet Engraftment	Neutrophil engraftment is defined as achieving an absolute neutrophil count greater than 500x10^6/liter for 3 continuous measurements on different days. The first of the 3 days will be labeled as the day of neutrophil engraftment. Platelet engraftment is defined as achieving platelet counts greater than 20,000/microliter for continuous measurements over 7 days without requiring platelet transfusions. The first day of the 7 days will be marked as the day of platelet engraftment.	Days 7 to 60 post-transplant
Other	Incidence and Percentage of Severe Infection	List the type, number, and severity of infection events	18 months post-transplant
Other	Percentage of Participants With Toxicities	The severity of oral ulcer or diarrhea in the early stage after transplantation, clinically significant abnormal laboratory findings.	Days 1 to 60 post-transplant
Other	Number of Lymphocyte Subsets	Number of Lymphocyte Subsets of Participants	Days 28, days 60, 3 months post-transplant, 6 months post-transplant, 12months post-transplant, 18 months post-transplant
Primary	Progression-Free Survival (PFS)	Survival without relapse or progression of the primary disease. Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was used to estimate median PFS.	18 months post-randomization
Secondary	Overall Survival (OS)	Overall survival is defined as survival duration from the date of randomization to the date of death from any cause. Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was used to estimate median OS	18 months post-randomization
Secondary	Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM)	Death not due to recurrence or progression of the primary disease. Recurrence was considered as a competing risk event, and the Gray test was used for statistical analysis.	18 months post-randomization
Secondary	Disease Relapse	Relapse of the primary disease. Non-relapse mortality (TRM) was considered as a competing risk event, and Gray's test was used for statistical analysis.	18 months post-randomization
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Severe Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (GVHD)	Acute GVHD is graded according to the scoring system proposed by Przepiorka et al.1995: Skin stage: 0: No rash; Rash <25% of body surface area Rash on 25-50% of body surface area Rash on > 50% of body surface area Generalized erythroderma with bullous formation; Liver stage (based on bilirubin level)*: 0: <2 mg/dL; 2-3 mg/dL 3.01-6 mg/dL 6.01-15.0 mg/dL >15 mg/dL; GI stage*: 0: No diarrhea or diarrhea <500 mL/day; Diarrhea 500-999 mL/day or persistent nausea with histologic evidence of GVHD Diarrhea 1000-1499 mL/day Diarrhea >1500 mL/day Severe abdominal pain with or without ileus * If multiple etiologies are listed for liver or GI, the organ system is downstaged by 1.; GVHD grade: 0: All organ stages 0 or GVHD not listed as an etiology I: Skin stage 1-2 and liver and GI stage 0 II: Skin stage 3 or liver or GI stage 1 III: Liver stage 2-3 or GI stage 2-4 IV: Skin or liver stage 4	Day 100 post-transplant
Secondary	Percentage of Participants With Chronic GVHD	Chronic GVHD is classified as the occurrence of mild, moderate, or severe chronic GVHD per 2005 NIH Consensus Criteria (Filipovich et al. 2005)	18 months post-transplant