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Filter by:Premature neonates are prone to respiratory distress and need ventilator support because of the rapid breathing and large variations in respiratory patterns. The setting and adjustment of the ventilator for premature neonate is not easy, often resulting in poor patient-ventilator interaction, increased work of breathing, patient discomfort and delayed weaning . Recently, a new ventilation mode (NAVA; Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist) mode, allows the respirator to provide a proportional ventilation mode based on the patients' diaphragm electrical activity, which was validated in many domestic and international clinical researches. The NAVA mode improves patient-ventilator interaction, reduces work of breathing and contributes to early weaning and extubation . When participating in this study, the neonate with receive a special oral tube placement, which is used to replace the original gastric tube to monitor the electrical activity of the diaphragm.
There is strong consensus - based on robust randomized trial data - that routine pre-operative (pre-op) testing for cataract surgery is inappropriate. Despite these widely endorsed evidence-based recommendations, most seniors undergoing cataract surgery still receive unnecessary blood testing, EKGs, and chest X-rays (CXRs); another substantial percentage even undergo nonindicated cardiac stress tests. We will integrate three new best practice alert (BPA) nudges into the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Health electronic health record (EHR). The nudges are informed by behavioral economic theory and are designed to alter the choice architecture for physicians to decrease the rate of pre-op test ordering while still preserving clinician autonomy. We will conduct a pragmatic trial to evaluate whether these BPA nudges reduce low-value pre-op testing for cataract surgery.
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)/ Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system mainly involving optic nerve and spinal cord. It is clinically characterized by simultaneous or sequential involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord, presenting a progressive or remission and relapse course, which can lead to paralysis and blindness. The objective of this study is to provide evidence regarding treat effects and factors related to prognosis which will help physicians better evaluable risk-benefit in NMOSD management and improve patients' outcome.
Biomarkers can be evaluated to provide information about disease presence or intensity and treatment efficacy. By recording these biomarkers through noninvasive clinical techniques, it is possible to gain information about the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which involuntarily regulates and adapts organ systems in the body. Machine learning and signal processing methods have made it possible to quantify the behavior of the ANS by statistically analyzing recorded signals. This work will aim to systematically measure ANS function by multiple modalities and use decoding algorithms to derive an index that reflects overall ANS function and/or balance in healthy able-bodied individuals. Additionally, this study will determine how transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a noninvasive method of stimulating the vagus nerve without surgery, affects the ANS function. Data from this research will enable the possibility of detecting early and significant changes in ANS from "normal" homeostasis to diagnose disease onset and assess severity to improve treatment protocols.
This is a prospective,observational single-center study. The osteoporotic patients requiring posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) with cages at the lowest fusion segment are prospectively enrolled and followed up. The patients undergoing PLIF with the 3D-printed porous titanium alloy cages are compared with those using PEEK cages. The hypothesis is that the use of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy cages can reduce the rate of pedicle screw loosening and increase the rate of lumbar fusion in osteoporotic patients.
Investigating cytotoxicity of yellow fever specific CD8 T cells following YF-17D vaccination and the following licensing of these epitope-specific CD8 T cells
Background: NTM(Nontuberculous mycobacteria) pulmonary disease is increasing worldwidely, however the diagnosis and treatment of NTM pulmonary disease still has multiple obstacles. The initiation of treatment is not necessary for all patients with NTM pulmonary disease. In addition, the drugs for treatment of NTM pulmonary disease is not enough. objective. The aim of this prospective registry for Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease is to register the NTM pulmonary patients and analysis of the treatment outcome based on the species and to collect the blood and urine samples from the patients for exploring the biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring the NTM pulmonary disease and collect the nontuberculous mycobacterium. Methods: 1. informed consents 2. register in cohort and collect the clinical information and serum, plasma, urine and mycobacteria 3. follow up 6 months to 1year based on the clinical situation Analysis: 1. treatment outcome based on NTM-NET consensus statement 2. exploration of biomarker for progression and monitoring of treatment response
Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly women is a major driver of antibiotic prescription. Hence, the question of feasible and appropriate preventive measures are important issues in this field. Methenamine hippurate is frequently prescribed in Norway and Sweden as prophylaxis for recurrent UTI. Methenamine hippurate acts via the production of formaldehyde from hexamine, which in turn acts as a bacteriostatic agent, therefore methenamine hippurate is not defined as an antibiotic. According to a Cochrane review 2012 the rates of adverse events for preventing UTI was low. Although this review showed methenamine hippurate might be effective in preventing UTI in the short term, there is a need for large well-conducted randomised controlled trial (RCT) to clarify both the safety and effectivity of preventive methenamine hippurate for longer term use. This is particularly important for longer term use for people without neuropathic bladder disorders. A Norwegian longitudinal observational study including women aged 50-80 years with recurrent UTI indicated a significant and large reduction of more than 50% in antibiotic prescriptions for UTI after start of prophylactic methenamine hippurate. This further strengthens the need for an RCT of methenamine hippurate as prophylaxis for recurrent UTI.
In this study, the researchers will utilize information gained from patient interviews about their knowledge of the cervical cancer screening and treatment process, and perceived barriers surrounding appropriate follow up, to create content for the intervention.
This longitudinal cohort study evaluates the relationship of myocardial tissue markers characteristics assessed by cardiac MRI, with clinical measures of symptoms and functions in adults with primary mitral regurgitation. Participants are followed conservatively or may choose to undergo surgical repair at the discretion of their clinical team.