Antihypertensive Pharmacological Therapy With Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Obese Hypertensive Patients

Obesity Clinical Trial

— HEVRO  

Official title:

HYpertension Therapy With Valsartan Versus EpleRenone for Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03476616
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: September 1, 2018
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: August 2018
• Source: Hippocration General Hospital
• Contact: Konstantinos P Tsioufis, Ass. Prof.
• Phone: 6932586087
• Email: ktsioufis[@]hippocratio.gr
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Obesity is a complex metabolic state at which many pathophysiological pathways seem to interfere, like imbalance of autonomic nervous system, as well as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Latest studies have shown that the increase of peripheral fat in obese patients, alongside with the increase of P-450 aromatase leads to hyper-aldosteronism, which results to increased sodium intake and rise of blood pressure. The present study aims to investigate the potential superiority of an aldosterone antagonist based therapy (eplerenone) over the renin-angiotensin antagonists (ARBs) (valsartan) based therapy in hypertensive obese patients regarding reduction of blood pressure (office, home and ambulatory) over a 24-week period.

Description:

The present study plans to enroll obese patients (BMI= 30-40 kg/m2) of 30-75 years of age, with untreated or never-treated essential hypertension to either eplerenone-based or valsartan-based therapy Patients visiting hypertension center(s), eligible to participate in the study and meeting study's inclusion criteria, will at first thoroughly be informed of study's protocol rationale, including scheduled follow-up visits. There will be a period of 2-4 weeks, at which medical history will be taken, as well as somatometrics, including height, weight, BMI and waist circumference. Moreover, a thorough clinical examination will take place, including office blood pressure, ECG, heart-echo, renal ultrasound, blood and urine ultrasound. All women of gestational age should have pregnancy test.

At randomization visit, patients still meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria will be randomized (1:1) to either eplerenone (E) 25mg bd or valsartan (V) 160mg od for 8 weeks. At 8, 16 and 24 weeks, patients at both arms will be evaluated with ambulatory BP measurements primary, as well as home and office BP measurements. At week 8, patients with controlled hypertension (mean ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) <130/80mmHg), will continue in monotherapy with eplerenone or valsartan and patients with uncontrolled hypertension (mean 24-h ambulatory≥130/80mmHg) will continue with the addition of calcium-channel blocker, amlodipine (C) 5 mg od. At week 16, patients achieving BP control will continue in either monotherapy (E), (V) or dual therapy (E+C), (V+C). However, in patients not achieving blood pressure target, a third drug, thiazide-like-diuretic will be added [indapamide (D) 1.25 mg od]. All groups at both arms will be finally evaluated at 24 weeks.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 330
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: September 1, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 30 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 30-75 years of age

2. Written consent

3. Untreated or never-treated arterial hypertension with office systolic blood pressure of 140-180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90-120 mmHg, confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements of mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure over 130 mmHg and/or mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure over 80 mmHg

4. Obesity, confirmed estimated by Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30-40 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria

1. Age <30 or >75

2. Inability to give informed consent

3. Participation in a clinical study involving an investigational drug or device within 4 weeks of screening

4. Secondary hypertension

5. Recent (<6 months) cardiovascular event requiring hospitalization (eg. myocardial infarction or stroke)

6. Type 1 diabetes

7. Chronic kidney disease assessed by Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) <45 mL/min

8. Bilateral renal arteries stenosis

9. Addison's disease

10. Hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease

11. Plasma potassium outside of normal range on two successive measurements during screening

12. Pregnancy, planning to conceive or women of childbearing potential, that is, not using effective contraception

13. Scheduled surgery or cardiovascular surgery over the next 6 months

14. Absolute contra-indication to study drugs (eg. asthma) or previous intolerance of trial therapy

15. History of sustained atrial fibrillation

16. Requirement for study drug for reason other than to treat hypertension, (eg, ß-blockers for angina or aldosterone antagonists for heart failure)

17. Neoplasm under treatment (radiotherapy / chemotherapy / immunotherapy)

18. Any concomitant condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may adversely affect the safety and/or efficacy of the study drug or

19. severely limit that patients' life-span or ability to complete the study (eg, alcohol or drug abuse, disabling or terminal illness, mental

20. disorders)

21. Contemporary systemic disease with life expectancy shorter than the end of the study

22. Treatment with any of the following medications:

• Oral corticosteroids within 3 months of screening. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids is also prohibited during study participation

• Chronic stable use, or unstable use of NSAIDs (other than low dose aspirin) is prohibited. Chronic use is defined as >3 consecutive or non-consecutive days of treatment per week. In addition, intermittent use of NSAIDs is strongly discouraged throughout the study and NSAIDs if required, must not be used for more than a total of 2 days. For those requiring analgesics during the study, paracetamol is recommended.

• The use of short-acting nitrates (eg, sublingual nitroglycerin) is permitted.

• The use of sympathomimetic decongestants is permitted, however, not within 1 day prior to any study visit/BP assessment

• The use of theophylline is permitted but the dose must be stable for at least 4 weeks prior to screening and throughout the study;

• The use of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors is permitted; however, study participants must refrain from taking these medications for at least 1 day prior to screening or any subsequent study visits

• The use of a-blockers is not permitted, with the exception of alfuzosin and tamsulosin for prostatic symptoms

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Hypertension
• Obesity

Intervention

Drug:
• Eplerenone (-based therapy) arm
At randomization, pts meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria will be randomized (1:1) to either eplerenone (E) 25mg bd or valsartan (V) 160mg od for 8 wks. At 8, 16 and 24 wks, pts at both arms will be evaluated with ABPM primary, as well as home and office BP measurements. At wk 8, pts with controlled hypertension (mean ABPM <130/80mmHg), will continue in monotherapy with eplerenone or valsartan and pts with uncontrolled hypertension (mean ABPM =130/80mmHg) will continue with the addition of amlodipine (C) 10mg od. At wk 16, pts achieving BP control will continue in either monotherapy (E), (V) or dual therapy (E+C), (V+C). However, in pts not achieving ABPM target, a third drug, will be added [indapamide (D) 1.25 mg od]. All groups at both arms will be evaluated at 24 wks by ABPM.
• Valsartan (-based therapy) arm
At randomization, pts meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria will be randomized (1:1) to either eplerenone (E) 25mg bd or valsartan (V) 160mg od for 8 wks. At 8, 16 and 24 wks, pts at both arms will be evaluated with ABPM primary, as well as home and office BP measurements. At wk 8, pts with controlled hypertension (mean ABPM <130/80mmHg), will continue in monotherapy with eplerenone or valsartan and pts with uncontrolled hypertension (mean ABPM =130/80mmHg) will continue with the addition of amlodipine (C) 10mg od. At wk 16, pts achieving BP control will continue in either monotherapy (E), (V) or dual therapy (E+C), (V+C). However, in pts not achieving ABPM target, a third drug, will be added [indapamide (D) 1.25 mg od]. All groups at both arms will be evaluated at 24 wks by ABPM.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	Hypertension Unit, First Cardiology Clinic, Hippocration General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece	Athens

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hippocration General Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

References & Publications (18)

Badimon L, Bugiardini R, Cenko E, Cubedo J, Dorobantu M, Duncker DJ, Estruch R, Milicic D, Tousoulis D, Vasiljevic Z, Vilahur G, de Wit C, Koller A. Position paper of the European Society of Cardiology-working group of coronary pathophysiology and microci — View Citation

Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, Black HR, Hamilton BP, Holland J, Nwachuku C, Papademetriou V, Probstfield J, Wright JT Jr, Alderman MH, Weiss RJ, Piller L, Bettencourt J, Walsh SM; ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Suc — View Citation

de Paula RB, da Silva AA, Hall JE. Aldosterone antagonism attenuates obesity-induced hypertension and glomerular hyperfiltration. Hypertension. 2004 Jan;43(1):41-7. Epub 2003 Nov 24. — View Citation

de Souza F, Muxfeldt E, Fiszman R, Salles G. Efficacy of spironolactone therapy in patients with true resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2010 Jan;55(1):147-52. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.140988. Epub 2009 Oct 26. — View Citation

Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis C, Mazaraki A, Liatakis I, Koutra E, Kordalis A, Kasiakogias A, Flessas D, Tentolouris N, Tousoulis D. Waist circumference compared with other obesity parameters as determinants of coronary artery disease in essential hypertension: — View Citation

Doll S, Paccaud F, Bovet P, Burnier M, Wietlisbach V. Body mass index, abdominal adiposity and blood pressure: consistency of their association across developing and developed countries. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Jan;26(1):48-57. — View Citation

Engeli S, Negrel R, Sharma AM. Physiology and pathophysiology of the adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension. 2000 Jun;35(6):1270-7. Review. — View Citation

Garg R, Kneen L, Williams GH, Adler GK. Effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist on insulin resistance and endothelial function in obese subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Mar;16(3):268-72. doi: 10.1111/dom.12224. Epub 2013 Oct 31. — View Citation

Hall JE, Brands MW, Dixon WN, Smith MJ Jr. Obesity-induced hypertension. Renal function and systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension. 1993 Sep;22(3):292-9. — View Citation

Jordan J, Yumuk V, Schlaich M, Nilsson PM, Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Grassi G, Schmieder RE, Engeli S, Finer N. Joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension: obesity and difficult to treat arte — View Citation

Mancia G, Bombelli M, Corrao G, Facchetti R, Madotto F, Giannattasio C, Trevano FQ, Grassi G, Zanchetti A, Sega R. Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and — View Citation

Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleig — View Citation

Schlaich MP, Grassi G, Lambert GW, Straznicky N, Esler MD, Dixon J, Lambert EA, Redon J, Narkiewicz K, Jordan J; European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Obesity; Australian and New Zealand Obesity Society. European Society of Hypertension Workin — View Citation

Tsioufis C, Tatsis I, Thomopoulos C, Wilcox C, Palm F, Kordalis A, Katsiki N, Papademetriou V, Stefanadis C. Effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and other factors on kidney haemodynamics. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2014 May;12(3):537-48. Review. — View Citation

Tsioufis C, Tsiachris D, Dimitriadis K, Thomopoulos C, Syrseloudis D, Andrikou E, Chatzis D, Taxiarchou E, Selima M, Mazaraki A, Chararis G, Tolis P, Gennadi A, Andrikou I, Stefanadi E, Fragoulis V, Tzamou V, Panagiotakos D, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C. Leo — View Citation

Tsioufis CP, Tsiachris DL, Selima MN, Dimitriadis KS, Thomopoulos CG, Tsiliggiris DC, Gennadi AS, Syrseloudis DC, Stefanadi ES, Toutouzas KP, Kallikazaros IE, Stefanadis CI. Impact of waist circumference on cardiac phenotype in hypertensives according to — View Citation

Václavík J, Sedlák R, Jarkovský J, Kociánová E, Táborský M. Effect of spironolactone in resistant arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ASPIRANT-EXT). Medicine (Baltimore). 2014 Dec;93(27):e162. doi: 10.1097/MD.00000 — View Citation

Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, Webb DJ, Sever P, McInnes G, Ford I, Cruickshank JK, Caulfield MJ, Salsbury J, Mackenzie I, Padmanabhan S, Brown MJ; British Hypertension Society's PATHWAY Studies Group. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and d — View Citation

* Note: There are 18 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Difference in frequency of controlled hypertension (mean ABPM < 130/80 mm Hg) between the study arms at 8, 16 and 24 weeks.	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (metric unit: mmHg) at baseline and 8,16 and 24 weeks and evaluation of the difference of mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements between baseline and each time frame in all participants	8, 16 and 24 weeks
Primary	Difference in change of ABPM from baseline, in the eplerenone arm versus the valsartan arm as monotherapy at 8 weeks, as combined dual treatment with amlodipine at 16 weeks and as combined triple treatment with amlodipine and indapamide at 24 weeks.	Ambulatory blood pressure measurements (metric unit: mmHg) at baseline and 8,16 and 24 weeks and evaluation of the difference of mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements between baseline and each time frame in all participants	8, 16 and 24 weeks
Secondary	Difference in change of office BP from baseline, in the eplerenone arm versus the valsartan arm as monotherapy at 8 weeks, as combined dual treatment with amlodipine at 16 weeks and as combined triple treatment with amlodipine and indapamide at 24 weeks.	Office blood pressure measurements (metric unit: mmHg) at baseline and 8,16 and 24 weeks and evaluation of the difference of office systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements between baseline and each time frame in all participants	8, 16 and 24 weeks