Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Other |
Rate-Pressure-Product (RPP, in beats per minute x mmHg) |
Sex differences in the rate-pressure-product (RPP, in beats per minute x mmHg) following the Montreal Imaging Stress Task, defined as the ratio between heart rate and systolic blood pressure. The higher the RPP, the higher the myocardial workload. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
vmPFC-to-cerebellum ratio of glycolytic metabolic activities (SUV/SUV) |
Sex differences in the metabolic activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, assessed by 18F-FDG-PET, and defined as the vmPFC metabolic activity (expressed as standard uptake value, SUV) corrected to the metabolic activity of the cerebellum (expressed in SUV), following the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the AmygA/(vmPFC activity) ratio, the higher the SNA (no threshold for normality) |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Nail cortisol value (pg/mg) |
Cortisol (pg/mg) as measured in the nails, a surrogate for chronic stress exposure. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire |
Sex differences in the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire measuring anxiety severity on a 0-to-21 scale. The higher the score, the more pronounced anxiety symptoms. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) |
Sex differences in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) assessing depressive symptoms on a 0-to-27 score. The higher the score, the more pronounced depressive symptoms. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Shortened Maastricht Exhaustion Questionnaire |
Sex differences in the Shortened Maastricht Exhaustion Questionnaire assessing exhaustion levels on a 0-to-18 score. The higher the score, the more pronounced exhaustion symptoms. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Type D Personality (DS14) questionnaire |
Sex differences in the Type D Personality (DS14) questionnaire on a 0-to-56 score. The higher the score, the more pronounced type D personality features. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Wagnild & Young Score resilience questionnaire |
Sex differences in the Wagnild & Young Score resilience questionnaire on a 0-to-77 score. The higher the score, the more pronounced features of a resilient personality. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) questionnaire |
Sex differences in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) questionnaire assessing stress levels in the previous months on a 0-to-16 scale. The higher the score, the higher the perceived stress. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4) |
Sex differences in the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4) evaluating sleep quality on a 0-to-16 scale.The higher the score the higher the sleep disturbances. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) |
Sex differences in the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) evaluating stress exposure in the preceding three months on a 0-to-228 scale. The higher the score, the more pronounced stress exposure. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Perceived stress |
Sex differences in the perceived stress following each of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and the Trier Social Stress Test, as self-assessed by the participants on a 0 to 7 Likert scale (0 indicating no perceived stress, and 7 indicating the highest possible stress perception). |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV, mL) |
Sex differences in the left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV, mL), as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance, following the control and stress phases of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV, mL) |
Sex differences in the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV, mL), as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance, following the control and stress phases of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV, mL) |
Sex differences in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV, mL), as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance, following the control and stress phases of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Estradiol levels (pmol/L) |
Estradiol levels (pmol/L) in blood collected at baseline. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Progesterone levels (nmol/L) |
Progesterone levels (nmol/L) in blood collected at baseline. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) levels (nmol/L) |
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) levels (nmol/L) in blood collected at baseline. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Total testosterone levels (nmol/L) |
Total testosterone levels (nmol/L) in blood collected at baseline. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Other |
Free testosterone levels (pmol/L) |
Free testosterone levels (pmol/L) in blood collected at baseline. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Primary |
Amygdala-to-cerebellum ratio of glycolytic metabolic activities (SUV/SUV) |
Sex differences in the stress-related neural activity (SNA) assessed by 18F-FDG-PET and defined as the amygdala metabolic activity (AmygA, expressed as standard uptake value, SUV) corrected to the metabolic activity of the cerebellum (expressed as SUV), following the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the AmygA/(cerebellum activity) ratio, the higher the SNA (no threshold for normality) |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Primary |
Difference between the rest and stress amygdala-to-cerebellum perfusion ratios (kBq/kBq) |
Sex differences in the amygdala perfusion between rest and stress, assessed by 13N-NH3-PET and defined as the amygdala perfusion (AmygP, expressed as kiloBecquerel, kBq) corrected to the perfusion of the cerebellum (expressed as kBq), following the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. The higher the magnitude of the AmygP/(Cerebellum perfusion) modification at stress compared to rest, the higher the amygdala response to mental stress (no threshold for normality) |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Primary |
Myocardial flow reserve (MFR, no unit) |
Sex differences in myocardial flow reserve (MFR) as determined by 13N-NH3-PET, during the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. MFR is defined as the ratio between MBF at stress and MBF at rest (no unit). The higher the MFR, the higher the myocardial perfusion modification during the stress task (no threshold). |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Amygdala-to-vmPFC ratio of glycolytic metabolic activities (SUV/SUV) |
Sex differences in the stress-related neural activity (SNA) assessed by 18F-FDG-PET and defined as the amygdala metabolic activity (AmygA, expressed as standard uptake value, SUV) corrected to the metabolic activity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex vmPFC (expressed as SUV), following the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the AmygA/(vmPFC activity) ratio, the higher the SNA (no threshold for normality) |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Difference between the rest and stress amygdala-to-vmPFC perfusion ratios (kBq/kBq) |
Sex differences in the amygdala perfusion between rest and stress, assessed by 13N-NH3-PET and defined as the amygdala perfusion (AmygP, expressed as kiloBecquerel, kBq) corrected to the perfusion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, expressed as kBq), following the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. The higher the magnitude of the AmygP/(vmPFC perfusion) modification at stress compared to rest, the higher the amygdala response to mental stress (no threshold for normality) |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest (mL/g/min) |
Sex differences in myocardial blood flow (MBF, in mL/g/min) as determined by 13N-NH3-PET, during the control mode of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. The higher the MBF, the higher the myocardial perfusion (no threshold). |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Myocardial blood flow (MBF) at stress (mL/g/min) |
Sex differences in myocardial blood flow (MBF, in mL/g/min) as determined by 13N-NH3-PET, during the stress mode of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. The higher the MBF, the higher the myocardial perfusion (no threshold). |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Heart-rate response (HRR, no unit) |
Sex differences in the heart rate response (HRR), a surrogate for cardiac sympathetic activity, following each of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and the Trier Social Stress Test. The HRR is defined as follows: HRR = ((Heart Rate at Stress) - (Heart Rate at Rest)/(Heart Rate at Rest)). The higher the HRR, the higher the cardiac sympathetic response to stress. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Salivary cortisol (mol/L) |
Sex differences in the salivary cortisol response, a surrogate marker for the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA), to each of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the cortisol increase, the higher the HPA response (no threshold). |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Noradrenaline (mL/min) |
Sex differences in the blood noradrenaline increase (mL/min) following the Trier Social Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Adrenaline (mL/min) |
Sex differences in the blood adrenaline increase (mL/min) following the Trier Social Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Dopamine (mL/min) |
Sex differences in the blood dopamine increase (mL/min) following the Trier Social Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Spleen metabolic activity (SUV) |
Sex differences in the spleen metabolic activity, a surrogate for systemic inflammation, following the Trier Social Stress Test, as assessed by 18F-FDG-PET, and expressed in standard uptake value (SUV). The higher the spleen SUV, the higher systemic inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Bone marrow metabolic activity (SUV) |
Sex differences in the bone marrow metabolic activity, a surrogate for systemic inflammation, following the Trier Social Stress Test, as assessed by 18F-FDG-PET, and expressed in standard uptake value (SUV). The higher the bone marrow SUV, the higher systemic inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Aorta metabolic activity (SUV) |
Sex differences in the thoracic aorta metabolic activity, a surrogate for aortic inflammation, following the Trier Social Stress Test, as assessed by 18F-FDG-PET, and expressed in standard uptake value (SUV). The higher the aorta SUV, the higher aorta inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) |
Sex differences in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) following the control and stress phases of the Montreal Imaging Stress Task. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L) |
Sex differences in C-reactive protein (CRP, in mg/L) collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the CRP, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Interleukin-2 (IL-2, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Interleukin-2 (IL-2), collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the IL-2, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Interleukin-4 (IL-4, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Interleukin-4 (IL-4) collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the IL-4, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the IL-6, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Interleukin-8 (IL-8, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Interleukin-8 (IL-8) collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the IL-8, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Interleukin-10 (IL-10, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) collected at baseline and after the Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the IL-10, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, pg/mL) collected at baseline and after Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the TNF, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9, pg/mL), collected at baseline and after Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the MMP9, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1, pg/mL) |
Sex differences in Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1, pg/mL), collected at baseline and after Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the MCP1, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM) |
Sex differences in Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1, pg/mL), collected at baseline and after Trier Social Stress Test. The higher the VCAM, the higher the inflammation. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|
Secondary |
Gender score questionnaire |
Sex differences in the self-perceived gender identity on a 0-to-100 scale, lower scores indicating a more pronounced "male gender" identity, higher scores indicating a more pronounced "female gender" identity. In addition to stratifying the analysis by sex, the role of gender on the results will be explored. |
11-10-2021 to 20-11-2023 |
|