Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Primary |
Body weight (kg) |
Body weight (kg) was evaluated using Tanita Body Composition Analyzer (Japan). |
Every time in all conditions at the baseline |
|
| Primary |
Body fat (%) |
Body fat (%) was assessed using Tanita Body Composition Analyzer (Japan). |
Every time in all conditions at the baseline |
|
| Primary |
Body free fat mass (kg) |
Body free fat mass (kg) was evaluated using Tanita Body Composition Analyzer (Japan). |
Every time in all conditions at the baseline |
|
| Primary |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
The body mass index (in kg/m2) was defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height. |
Every time in all conditions at the baseline |
|
| Primary |
Change in muscle temperature (°C) |
Muscle temperature was measured using a needle microprobe (Intramuscular Probe MKA, thermometer model DM-852, Ellab) inserted approximately 3 cm beneath the skin surface into the vastus lateralis muscle of the right leg. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in plasma cortisol (nmol/L) concentrations |
Plasma cortisol concentrations (nmol/L) were measured using an AIA-2000 automated enzyme immunoassay analyser (Tosoh Corp, Tokyo, Japan). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in plasma dopamine (nmol/L) concentrations |
Dopamine concentrations (nmol/L) were measured using a kit for dopamine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IBL, Hamburg, Germany). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in plasma prolactin (ng/mL) concentrations |
Prolactin levels (ng/mL) were measured using a kit for prolactin ELISA (IBL) and Gemini analyzer (Stratec Biomedical GmbH, Germany). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in subjective rating of perceived exertion |
Perceived exertion was assessed using the Borg scale, ranging from 6 (no exertion) to 20 (maximum exertion). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in muscle activity (mV) |
Vastus medialis and vastus lateralis electromyographic (EMG) amplitude (in mV) parameters of muscular activity were measured using surface EMG (Biometrics, UK) thorough neuromuscular function assessment. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in muscle activity (Hz) |
Vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles electromyographic (EMG) frequency (in Hz) parameters of muscular activity were measured using surface EMG (Biometrics, UK) thorough neuromuscular function assessment. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in voluntary torque (Nm) |
Isometric and isokinetic voluntary torques (in Nm) of the quadriceps muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, USA). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in involuntary torque (Nm) |
Involuntary torque of the quadriceps muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, USA) and a high-voltage stimulator (Digitimer DS7A, Digitimer, UK). Peak torques (in Nm) induced by electrical stimulation at 20 Hz,at 100 Hz, and at TT100 were measured. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in muscle contraction and relaxation (ms) |
The contraction and half-relaxation time (in ms) were measured in 100Hz stimulated contractions. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in central activation ratio (percent) |
To evaluate central activation ratio (CAR), a TT-100 Hz stimuli was superimposed on the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and the CAR was computed using the following equation: CAR = MVC/(MVC+TT-100 Hz) × 100percent, where where a CAR of 100 percent indicates complete activation of the exercising muscle and a CAR < 100 percent indicates central activation failure or inhibition. |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in constant error |
The accuracy of the intermittent isometric contraction tasks was calculated as a constant error. Constant error = ?(xi - T)/n where xi is the motor task performed (N·m); T is the target quantity, i.e., the motor task required; n is the number of trials; and S indicates the mean that was calculated considering the algebraic symbols (±). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Primary |
Change in absolute error |
The absolute error specifies the absolute deviation from the required target force. Absolute error = ?|xi - T|/n where xi is the motor task performed (N·m); T is the target quantity, i.e., the motor task required; n is the number of trials; and vertical brackets S | | indicate the mean that was calculated without considering the algebraic symbols (±). |
Baseline, up to 60 minutes, up to 120 minutes, after 180minutes |
|
| Secondary |
Height (m) |
Height (in m) was measured using a Harpenden anthropometer set (Holtain Ltd, UK) |
Every time in all conditions at the baseline |
|
