View clinical trials related to Infection.
Filter by:Formula composition is developed to resemble breast milk as close as possible, but there are still considerable differences between formula and breast milk composition, probably resulting in higher risk of overweight in childhood and higher incidence of infections in formula-fed infants. Protein levels are still higher and constituents such as alpha-lactalbumin lower in formula than in breast milk. By adding more alpha-lactalbumin to formula, rich in tryptophan, the resulting amino acid composition will allow further reduction of protein in formula. The investigators intend to include 320 infants, where 80 will be exclusively breastfed and the remainder assigned in a double blind, controlled, randomized manner to one of three formula groups; two experimental, protein reduced formula with two different levels of alpha-lactalbumin and one group given standard infant formula. The intervention period is from 4-8 weeks until 6 months of age. The infants will be followed by growth parameters, blood-, urine- and fecal biomarkers and health parameters until 5 years of age. The experimental formula will possibly result in growth, metabolism and gut microbiota as well as health parameters more similar to those of breastfed infants
It is hypothesized that implementing plasma CrAg screening in clinics providing routine HIV care will enable identification of Vietnamese adult patients with advanced HIV (CD4 ≤100 cells/μL) who have early cryptococcal disease, enable prompt preemptive treatment with high-dose fluconazole, and improve survival.
Multicentric epidemiological non-comparative study in France characterising evolution of anal Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related lesions and evaluating markers associated with the observed evolution. Estimated enrolment: 500 Principal Outcomes - Detection of high-grade cytological and histological anal lesions by high resolution anoscopy - Spontaneous regression of high-grade anal lesions - Detection of anal HPV infection Intervention (procedure): - Patient medical interview (initial inclusion visit, Month 12 and Month 24 follow-up visits and if applicable Month 6 and Month 18 control visits) - Standard proctologic examination with digital rectal examination and 2 anal swabs (initial inclusion visit, Month 12 and Month 24 follow-up visits and if applicable Month 6 and Month 18 control visits) - High resolution anoscopy (initial inclusion visit, Month 12 and Month 24 follow-up visits and if applicable Month 6 and Month 18 control visits) Only if lesion suggestive of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) detected during High Resolution Anoscopy (HRA): - anal biopsy(ies) during HRA Only if high-grade lesion: - HRA biannually
This study is a collaboration between New York Presbyterian (NYP)-Columbia and NYP-Cornell that seeks to evaluate the use of topical vancomycin and its reduction on surgical site infection (SSI) in neurosurgical procedures. Adult patients undergoing neurosurgery at either institution will be eligible for participation in this randomized control trial. Patients randomized to the treatment group will receive 2g of vancomycin applied as a powder or paste to the wound site and/or bone flap. Subjects in the control group will receive the current standard of care without topical vancomycin. All subjects will undergo swabbing of the anterior nares and the surgical site prior to surgery, once 10-14 days following the operation and 90 days following the operation. The primary outcome measure will be surgical site infection, assessed daily throughout the hospital stay, at the first follow-up visit, and by telephone at 14-30 days and 90 days (+/- 7 days). Secondary outcomes will include length of hospital stay, length of intensive care stay, rate of reoperation and patient mortality. In addition, systemic vancomycin levels will be assessed at 6 hours and 20 hours postoperatively in each patient. Patients who have an external ventricular drain in place will have vancomycin levels assessed daily. In patients who have cranial drains placed, vancomycin concentrations will be analyzed from daily in wound drainage. Skin and nasal flora will be analyzed to assess the impact of topical vancomycin on the patient microbiome. Although there has been a decrease in the incidence of infections following craniotomy secondary to prophylactic intravenous antibiotics, proper sterile techniques, and other interventions, SSIs continue to significantly impact morbidity, mortality, and cost burden. Although never studied in neurosurgical procedures other than instrumented spine, the application of topical vancomycin to the surgical site prior to wound closure has demonstrated a reduction in SSIs in spine, cardiac and ophthalmologic procedures. The benefits of using prophylactic vancomycin topically, as opposed to intravenously, include reduced systemic levels of the drug, and therefore, a decreased probability of adverse events related to the drug, such as inducing resistance among the native flora. The investigators propose a single-blinded randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of topical vancomycin in reducing SSIs rates following neurosurgical procedures.
The main objective of this study is to characterize the regulatory immune response induced by hookworm in an infected Vietnamese rural population from the periphery of HCM, evolution after infection treatment and during potential naturally reinfection.
A new anti-HIV medicine (Dolutegravir) combined with 2 currently used anti-HIV medicines is non-inferior to the standard combination of medicines used in terms of efficacy and better in terms of toxicity.
The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of the early initiation of cART or cART in combination with autologous HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infusion to achieve a post-treatment control among treatment-naïve acute HIV-infected adults.
A national, prospective, open-label, non-interventional, multicentre, controlled study designed to evaluate a diagnostic method in patients undergoing hip, knee or shoulder prosthetic removal regardless of whether or not infection is suspected. Serological test results will have no impact on the therapeutic approach. Study objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of an antibody detection kit for the serological diagnosis of bone and joint prosthetic device infections cause by Staphylococci, Streptococci, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Gram-negative bacteria versus the reference method: the bacterial culture of deep intraoperative samples.
The goal of this study is to compare the characteristics of echocardiography and different monitoring devices in shock patients, the relationship of device parameters to biomarkers associated with shock, and determine if these any of these add clinical utility when predicting the cause of shock. We will perform a prospective, observational study of patients found to have shock physiology in the ED and follow them to determine the final shock category and ultimate outcomes.
HIV infection is associated with a state of chronic, generalized immune activation that has been shown in many studies to be a key predictor of progression to AIDS. The molecular, cellular, and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the HIV-associated immune activation are complex and still poorly studied. There is, however, growing consensus that both viral and host factors contribute to this phenotype, with emphasis on the role played by the mucosal immune dysfunction (and consequent microbial translocation). Moreover if it is known that in HIV-infected individuals, a severe depletion of intestinal cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cells, is associated with loss of epithelium integrity, microbial translocation and systemic immune activation, the kinetics of intestinal CD4+ T-cell reconstitution under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains poorly understood. This study sought to evaluate the reconstitution of intestinal CD4+ T-cells, including Th1 and Th17, in blood and colon samples collected from HIV-infected individuals before and after a short term cART.