Addressing Hypertension Care in Africa

Hypertension Clinical Trial

— ADHINCRA  

Official title:

Addressing Hypertension Control in Africa (ADHINCRA) Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Active, not recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04010344
• Other study ID #: IRB00218586
• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 14, 2019
• Est. completion date: December 30, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: Johns Hopkins University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

A pilot cluster randomized control trial to test the feasibility of a multilevel, nurse-led, mobile health enhanced intervention in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Ghana

Description:

This is a two-arm pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 240 participants with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) with the healthcare setting as the unit of randomization and patients as the unit of analysis. Each of the four healthcare settings will be recruited and randomly assigned to the multilevel intervention or control group. A statistician will generate the randomization using a computer-generated random sequence program with an allocation ratio of 1:1 and a block size of 6 (to assure equal numbers in each arm). After having met study criteria for enrollment, 60 eligible patients for each setting will be assigned to either control or intervention arm according to the patients' healthcare setting's intervention assignment by the study coordinator. A cluster RCT has been chosen to avoid potential treatment contamination in which physicians within healthcare settings might unintentionally provide patients with different degrees of attention or blending of treatment protocols. The intervention will be administered for six months following which it will be withdrawn, and patients will be followed for six more months to assess outcomes.

The investigators will use quota sampling to over sample socioeconomically deprived persons to ensure that socioeconomically deprived persons comprise 50% of the sample. Poverty will be defined by (1) Household income, based on Ghana minimum monthly wage of 210 Ghana cedis (equivalent of $55). After screening eligible participants, the investigators will assign four clusters of 60 patients to the intervention or control arms. The investigators will require 30 patients in each cluster to be male and 30 to be female since in the investigators' previous work, men have been underrepresented potentially due to gender-differences in healthcare seeking behaviors. Men have also had inferior treatment and control rates in previous studies.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Enrollment: 240
• Est. completion date: December 30, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: May 3, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 70 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients will be included if they are 18-70 years old;

• Male or female

• Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP =140 mm Hg) based upon last outpatient encounter within the previous three months

• Patients with previous strokes, coronary artery disease, up to stage three kidney disease and diabetes mellitus meeting BP cut-off criteria will be eligible for enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients will be excluded if they fail to meet any of the above inclusion criteria

• Severe cognitive impairment/dementia (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score =24)

• Severe global disability (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score =3)

• Not able to independently follow blood pressure measurement protocol or use of Smartphone for study protocol or without a care-giver to assist with BP monitoring at home

• Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30ml/min

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Telemedicine

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Enhanced Usual Care Group
Medtronic® Labs' Akoma pa app, a culturally-tested and locally attuned mobile health platform, will be used in the intervention arm of the study to improve communication between the Community Health Officer (CHO) and the participant. This platform will be used to enhance shared decision making, clinical decision support, participatory communication, knowledge, treatment adherence (medication and lifestyle modification), and self-monitoring of hypertension. We will test the feasibility of the Akoma pa app in addressing patient-level and provider-level barriers to hypertension control. The app will consist of the following components: Reminders Participant to CHO messaging Home BP tracking Educational materials on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Stroke- Participants will have access to education modules on reducing the risk of CVD and stroke tailored to their knowledge level. CHO provider portal- The provider portal will include decision support tools.

Other:
• Usual Care Group
Regular/usual appointments or visits to patients' healthcare provider for management of study outcomes

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Ghana	Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital	Kumasi	Ashanti Region
Ghana	Kumasi South Hospital	Kumasi	Ashanti Region
Ghana	Manhyia Government Hospital	Kumasi	Ashanti Region
Ghana	Suntreso Government Hospital	Kumasi	Ashanti Region

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Johns Hopkins University	Johns Hopkins Alliance for a Healthier World

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Ghana, 

References & Publications (17)

Agyemang C, Nyaaba G, Beune E, Meeks K, Owusu-Dabo E, Addo J, Aikins AD, Mockenhaupt FP, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Galbete C, Spranger J, Agyei-Baffour P, Henneman P, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Adeyemo A, van Straalen J, Commodore-Mensah Y, Appiah LT, Smeeth L, Stronks K. Variations in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control among Ghanaian migrants living in Amsterdam, Berlin, London, and nonmigrant Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana - the RODAM study. J Hypertens. 2018 Jan;36(1):169-177. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001520. — View Citation

Bakken S, Grullon-Figueroa L, Izquierdo R, Lee NJ, Morin P, Palmas W, Teresi J, Weinstock RS, Shea S, Starren J; IDEATel Consortium. Development, validation, and use of English and Spanish versions of the telemedicine satisfaction and usefulness questionnaire. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Nov-Dec;13(6):660-7. doi: 10.1197/jamia.M2146. Epub 2006 Aug 23. — View Citation

Barry MJ, Edgman-Levitan S. Shared decision making--pinnacle of patient-centered care. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 1;366(9):780-1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1109283. No abstract available. — View Citation

Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10):e146-e603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485. Epub 2017 Jan 25. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10 ):e646. Circulation. 2017 Sep 5;136(10 ):e196. — View Citation

Commodore-Mensah Y, Samuel LJ, Dennison-Himmelfarb CR, Agyemang C. Hypertension and overweight/obesity in Ghanaians and Nigerians living in West Africa and industrialized countries: a systematic review. J Hypertens. 2014 Mar;32(3):464-72. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000061. — View Citation

Demiris G, Speedie S, Finkelstein S. A questionnaire for the assessment of patients' impressions of the risks and benefits of home telecare. J Telemed Telecare. 2000;6(5):278-84. doi: 10.1258/1357633001935914. — View Citation

Glasgow RE, McKay HG, Piette JD, Reynolds KD. The RE-AIM framework for evaluating interventions: what can it tell us about approaches to chronic illness management? Patient Educ Couns. 2001 Aug;44(2):119-27. doi: 10.1016/s0738-3991(00)00186-5. — View Citation

Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005 Jan 15-21;365(9455):217-23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1. — View Citation

Kretchy IA, Owusu-Daaku FT, Danquah S. Locus of control and anti-hypertensive medication adherence in Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jan 18;17 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):13. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.17.1.3433. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Lakshminarayan K, Westberg S, Northuis C, Fuller CC, Ikramuddin F, Ezzeddine M, Scherber J, Speedie S. A mHealth-based care model for improving hypertension control in stroke survivors: Pilot RCT. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Jul;70:24-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 May 12. — View Citation

Ogedegbe G, Plange-Rhule J, Gyamfi J, Chaplin W, Ntim M, Apusiga K, Iwelunmor J, Awudzi KY, Quakyi KN, Mogaverro J, Khurshid K, Tayo B, Cooper R. Health insurance coverage with or without a nurse-led task shifting strategy for hypertension control: A pragmatic cluster randomized trial in Ghana. PLoS Med. 2018 May 1;15(5):e1002561. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002561. eCollection 2018 May. — View Citation

Sanuade OA, Awuah RB, Kushitor M. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in Ghana: a cross-sectional study. Ethn Health. 2020 Jul;25(5):702-716. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1439898. Epub 2018 Feb 15. — View Citation

Sarfo FS, Mobula LM, Burnham G, Ansong D, Plange-Rhule J, Sarfo-Kantanka O, Ofori-Adjei D. Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure among Ghanaians: Evidence from a multicenter hospital-based study. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 19;13(3):e0193494. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193494. eCollection 2018. — View Citation

Sarfo FS, Ovbiagele B, Gebregziabher M, Wahab K, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, Akpa O, Obiako R, Owolabi L, Jenkins C, Owolabi M; SIREN. Stroke Among Young West Africans: Evidence From the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) Large Multisite Case-Control Study. Stroke. 2018 May;49(5):1116-1122. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.020783. Epub 2018 Apr 4. — View Citation

Sarfo-Kantanka O, Sarfo FS, Oparebea Ansah E, Eghan B, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Acheamfour-Akowuah E. Secular Trends in Admissions and Mortality Rates from Diabetes Mellitus in the Central Belt of Ghana: A 31-Year Review. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 22;11(11):e0165905. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165905. eCollection 2016. — View Citation

Staessen JA, Wang JG, Thijs L. Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2001 Oct 20;358(9290):1305-15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06411-X. Erratum In: Lancet 2002 Jan 26;359(9303):360. — View Citation

Stephenson J. Noncompliance may cause half of antihypertensive drug "failures". JAMA. 1999 Jul 28;282(4):313-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.4.313. No abstract available. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Change in Blood Pressure levels from Baseline	Changes in Blood pressure levels, measured in mmHg, will be assessed at the baseline, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month visits.	Baseline, 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
Primary	Change in Blood Pressure control by poverty status from Baseline	Blood pressure control - defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg SBP reduction will be compared by deprivation status defined by monthly income < 210 Ghana cedis determined at the enrollment visit.	Baseline, 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
Secondary	Change in glycohemoglobin (A1C) between arms	Hgb A1C in both study arms will be examined for change at the 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month visits after the initial baseline assessment.	Baseline, 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
Secondary	Difference in Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies between arms	Difference in the number of emergency room visits (for hypertensive urgencies and/or emergencies) for both arms will be examined at the 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month visits. after the initial baseline assessment.	Baseline, 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
Secondary	Difference in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Events between study arms	Difference in the number of CVD events (such as strokes, coronary artery disease, heart failures, and deaths) for both arms will be examined at the 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month visits after the initial baseline assessment.	Baseline, 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
Secondary	Difference in treatment adherence as assessed by the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale	Self-Reported Medication Adherence will be assessed with the 9-item Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale and compared in both arms at months 6 and 12 by poverty status. The Hill-Bone has broad applicability in measuring medication adherence in patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke among others. Scores range from 9 - 36 with higher scores indicating poorer adherence to antihypertensive drug therapy.	At 6 months
Secondary	Difference in treatment adherence as assessed by the Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale	Self-Reported Medication Adherence will be assessed with the 9-item Hill-Bone Medication Adherence Scale and compared in both arms at months 6 and 12 by poverty status. The Hill-Bone has broad applicability in measuring medication adherence in patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke among others. Scores range from 9 - 36 with higher scores indicating poorer adherence to antihypertensive drug therapy.	At 12 months
Secondary	Change in the acceptability and usability of the Akoma pa app score as assessed by the Marshfield System Usability Survey	The acceptability and usability of the Akoma pa app will be assessed with the 16-item Marshfield System Usability Survey. Scores on this instrument range from 16 to 80 with higher scores indicating better usability. This will be examined at the 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month visits after the initial baseline assessment.	At 1 month , 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months

External Links

•   World Health Organization(WHO). Chapter XIII: Hypertension in adherence to LongTerm therapies-evidence for action.
•   World Health Statistics