Race, Class, and Gender--Studies of Health Effects

Hypertension Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00005443
• Other study ID #: 4372
• Secondary ID: R29HL051151
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: May 25, 2000
• Last updated: February 17, 2016
• Start date: January 1994
• Est. completion date: December 1997

Study information

• Verified date: July 2000
• Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Federal Government
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

To improve understanding of three important and intertwined social determinants of health: social class, race/ethnicity, and gender.

Description:

DESIGN NARRATIVE:

The first component of the study investigated associations among discrimination, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors, and used data from Exam IV (1992-1993) of CARDIA, a multi-site longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors among Black and white men and women. Analyses examined the association between blood pressure and discrimination based on race/ethnicity, gender, social class, sexual orientation, and religion, and took into account response to unfair treatment. To assess for effect modification, separate analyses were performed for the eight strata defined by the sampling strategy: Black/white x male/female x equal to or less than high school/more than high school. Additional multivariate analyses examined whether, within the four gender/education strata, discrimination contributed to Black/white differences in blood pressure, adjusting for relevant covariates. Other analyses explored the relationship between discrimination, response to unfair treatment, and other possible cardiovascular risk factors, including hostility, body fat distribution, lipid fractions, blood glucose, skin color, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs), and body self-image.

The second component concerned appropriate measures of social class for studies of women's health. It used data on 718 women who participated in Examination II of the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study (1989-1990) . Socioeconomic information existed on: adult individual and household class (which took into account the individual class position of both the respondent and her partner or head-of-household, if present), childhood household class, and class trajectory (comparing childhood and adult household class). Data on health characteristics included: blood pressure, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, lipoprotein fractions, fasting and postload insulin and glucose serum concentrations, self-assessed health status, age at first completed pregnancy, total number of childbirths, duration of breast feeding, physical activity, and smoking status. Analyses evaluated whether different magnitudes of class-based differences in these health characteristics were detected with these diverse measures of social class, using multivariate techniques that corrected for the correlation of errors within twin pairs. The effects of using these different class measures were also examined for analyses testing the hypothesis that social class was inversely related to risk of hypertension among women, adjusting for relevant covariates.

The study completion date listed in this record was obtained from the "End Date" entered in the Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS) record.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: December 1997
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Male
• Age group: N/A to 100 Years
• Eligibility: No eligibility criteria

Study Design

N/A

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Heart Diseases
• Hypertension

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

References & Publications (4)

Krieger N, Chen JT, Selby JV. Comparing individual-based and household-based measures of social class to assess class inequalities in women's health: a methodological study of 684 US women. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999 Oct;53(10):612-23. — View Citation

Krieger N, Sidney S, Coakley E. Racial discrimination and skin color in the CARDIA study: implications for public health research. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1308-13. — View Citation

Krieger N, Sidney S. Prevalence and health implications of anti-gay discrimination: a study of black and white women and men in the CARDIA cohort. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Int J Health Serv. 1997;27(1):157-76. — View Citation

Krieger N, Sidney S. Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA Study of young black and white adults. Am J Public Health. 1996 Oct;86(10):1370-8. — View Citation